Denburg J A
Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
Springer Semin Immunopathol. 1990;12(4):401-14. doi: 10.1007/BF00225326.
The growth and differentiation in vitro of rodent mast cells, a process dependent upon interleukin (IL)-3, has already been well established. Only recently, however, have the mechanisms underlying the development in vitro of human metachromatic cells (basophils and mast cells) begun to be delineated. Precursors of human metachromatic cells are found in bone marrow, peripheral blood, cord blood, fetal liver and are represented by some leukemic cell lines. These are dependent upon the presence of several cytokines or accessory cells for their proper growth and differentiation. IL-3 as well as granulocyte-macrophage/colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) appear to be the principal human metachromatic cell hemopoietic factors; contributory roles to metachromatic cell differentiation can also be shown for IL-5 and nerve growth factor. Stromal cell populations, including fibroblasts and epithelial cells, especially from allergic or inflamed tissue microenvironments, elaborate GM-CSF and possibly novel metachromatic cell differentiation factors. Questions remain regarding cell origins, specific hemopoietic factors and lineage inter-relationships for human mast cell subtypes and basophils. The intriguing possibility of mast cell-drived hemopoietic cytokines, which could perpetuate human allergic reactions, is currently under scrutiny. The relevance of existing data and future research in this area to diagnosis and therapy of a large group of human immune-inflammatory conditions is not to be underestimated.
啮齿动物肥大细胞的体外生长和分化过程已得到充分证实，该过程依赖于白细胞介素（IL）-3。然而，直到最近，人类异染细胞（嗜碱性粒细胞和肥大细胞）体外发育的潜在机制才开始被阐明。人类异染细胞的前体存在于骨髓、外周血、脐带血、胎儿肝脏中，并由一些白血病细胞系代表。它们的正常生长和分化依赖于几种细胞因子或辅助细胞的存在。IL-3以及粒细胞-巨噬细胞/集落刺激因子（GM-CSF）似乎是主要的人类异染细胞造血因子；IL-5和神经生长因子对异染细胞分化也有辅助作用。包括成纤维细胞和上皮细胞在内的基质细胞群体，特别是来自过敏或炎症组织微环境的基质细胞群体，会分泌GM-CSF以及可能的新型异染细胞分化因子。关于人类肥大细胞亚型和嗜碱性粒细胞的细胞起源、特定造血因子和谱系相互关系，仍存在疑问。肥大细胞驱动的造血细胞因子可能会使人类过敏反应持续存在，这一有趣的可能性目前正在研究中。这一领域现有数据和未来研究与一大类人类免疫炎症性疾病的诊断和治疗的相关性不可低估。
