Valent P
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Vienna, Austria.
Exp Dermatol. 1995 Aug;4(4 Pt 2):255-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.1995.tb00254.x.
Mast cells and basophils are multifunctional effector cells of the immune system. Both are myeloid cells and originate from multipotent hemopoietic progenitor cells. Usually, human basophils complete their differentiation in the bone marrow. In contrast, mast cells usually undergo differentiation in extramedullary organs. During the past few years, growth factors for human basophils and a growth factor for human mast cells have been identified. Interleukin-3 is the most potent differentiation factor for human basophils and activates mature basophils via high affinity binding sites. Other basophil agonists are GM-CSF, IL-5, NGF and certain chemokines (IL-8, MCP-1). Mast cells apparently loose cytokine binding sites during mastopoiesis and as mature cells, do not express detectable amounts of IL-3R, GM-CSFR or IL-8R. However, in contrast to other myeloid cells, mast cells express SCF receptor/c-kit during mastopoiesis and on mature cells. Furthermore, the ligand of c-kit, SCF, induces differentiation of human mast cells from their progenitor cells and upregulates effector functions in mature mast cells.
肥大细胞和嗜碱性粒细胞是免疫系统的多功能效应细胞。二者均为髓系细胞，起源于多能造血祖细胞。通常，人类嗜碱性粒细胞在骨髓中完成分化。相比之下，肥大细胞通常在髓外器官中进行分化。在过去几年中，已鉴定出人类嗜碱性粒细胞的生长因子和人类肥大细胞的一种生长因子。白细胞介素-3是人类嗜碱性粒细胞最有效的分化因子，并通过高亲和力结合位点激活成熟的嗜碱性粒细胞。其他嗜碱性粒细胞激动剂包括粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子、白细胞介素-5、神经生长因子和某些趋化因子（白细胞介素-8、单核细胞趋化蛋白-1）。肥大细胞在肥大细胞生成过程中显然会失去细胞因子结合位点，作为成熟细胞，不表达可检测量的白细胞介素-3受体、粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子受体或白细胞介素-8受体。然而，与其他髓系细胞不同，肥大细胞在肥大细胞生成过程中和成熟细胞上表达干细胞因子受体/c-kit。此外，c-kit的配体干细胞因子可诱导人类肥大细胞从其祖细胞分化，并上调成熟肥大细胞的效应功能。
