Health and Development, Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1540 E. Alcazar St., CHP 155, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
Phys Ther. 2010 Dec;90(12):1860-7. doi: 10.2522/ptj.2010090. Epub 2010 Oct 21.
Humans are designed not only with variability but for variability. This article explores the important contribution of variability to successful human action. Human systems for action have abundant variability of tissues and processes. This plasticity provides for the necessary flexibility when humans encounter the metric and dynamic changes of growth, development, and adaptation of action across the life span. However, variability must have definable limits. The reduction of possible solutions to probable solutions and the reduction of variability appear to be common assumptions of most theories of human action. The lack of variability of action is a hindrance to the development of skilled, functional action, and excessive variability interferes with the production of automatic, dependable, and typical functional action. The lack of variability and excessive variability are hallmarks of the movement patterns produced by people across the life span following neurological insult. Active problem solving as therapy, with its inherent error as a part of the therapeutic process, is critical to the successful learning of functional actions. The role of the physical therapist is to create movement environments and provide personal and environmental constraints that elicit and support self-produced functional actions.
人类不仅具有变异性，而且是为了变异性而设计的。本文探讨了变异性对人类成功行动的重要贡献。人类的行动系统具有丰富的组织和过程的可变性。这种可塑性为人类在整个生命周期中遇到行动的生长、发育和适应的度量和动态变化时提供了必要的灵活性。然而，变异性必须有可定义的限制。将可能的解决方案减少到可能的解决方案，以及减少变异性，似乎是大多数人类行动理论的共同假设。行动缺乏变异性会阻碍熟练、功能性行动的发展，而过多的变异性会干扰自动、可靠和典型功能性行动的产生。缺乏变异性和过多的变异性是生命跨度内神经损伤后人们产生的运动模式的特征。作为治疗手段的主动解决问题，其内在的错误是治疗过程的一部分，对功能性动作的成功学习至关重要。物理治疗师的作用是创造运动环境，并提供个人和环境的约束，以引出和支持自我产生的功能性动作。
