Cole Whitney G, Vereijken Beatrix, Young Jesse W, Robinson Scott R, Adolph Karen E
Department of Psychology, New York University, New York City, New York.
Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
Dev Psychobiol. 2019 Jan;61(1):29-42. doi: 10.1002/dev.21802. Epub 2018 Nov 16.
What happens to early acquired but later abandoned motor skills? To investigate effects of disuse on early-developing motor skills, we examined crawling in two groups of habitual crawlers (34 6-12-month-old infants and five adults with Uner Tan Syndrome) and two groups of rusty crawlers (27 11-12-year-old children and 13 college-aged adults). Habitual crawlers showed striking similarities in gait patterns, limbs supporting the body, and crawling speed, despite dramatic differences in crawling practice, posture, and body size. Habitual crawlers trotted predominantly, whereas rusty crawlers showed a variety of gait patterns. Within sequences, habitual crawlers and children showed more switches in gait patterns than young adults. Children crawled faster and kept fewer limbs on the grounds than the other groups. Old crawling patterns were retained despite disuse, but new ones were also added. Surprisingly, results indicate that nothing was lost with disuse, but some features of crawling were gained or altered.
早期习得但后来被放弃的运动技能会怎样？为了研究废用对早期发展的运动技能的影响，我们观察了两组习惯性爬行的人（34名6至12个月大的婴儿和5名患有乌纳·坦综合征的成年人）以及两组生疏的爬行者（27名11至12岁的儿童和13名大学生年龄的成年人）的爬行情况。习惯性爬行的人在步态模式、支撑身体的肢体以及爬行速度方面表现出惊人的相似性，尽管在爬行练习、姿势和体型上存在显著差异。习惯性爬行的人主要是小跑，而生疏的爬行者则表现出多种步态模式。在序列中，习惯性爬行的人和儿童比年轻人表现出更多的步态模式转换。儿童爬行速度更快，与其他组相比，接触地面的肢体更少。尽管不再使用，旧的爬行模式仍被保留，但也增加了新的模式。令人惊讶的是，结果表明废用并没有导致任何技能丧失，但爬行的一些特征却有所增加或改变。
