Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant - iRTSV, Laboratoire de Phyiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique /Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Université Joseph Fourier, CEA Grenoble, F38054, Grenoble, France.
Curr Opin Plant Biol. 2010 Dec;13(6):714-23. doi: 10.1016/j.pbi.2010.09.013. Epub 2010 Oct 21.
Gazing at a giant redwood tree in the Pacific Northwest, that has grown to enormous heights over centuries, does little to convince one that plants are built for speed and versatility. Even at the cellular level, a system of polymers-the cell skeleton or cytoskeleton-integrates signals and generates subcellular structures spanning scales of a few nanometers to hundreds of micrometers that coordinate cell growth. The term cytoskeleton itself connotes a stable structure. Clearly, this is not the case. Recent studies using advanced imaging modalities reveal the plant actin cytoskeleton to be a highly dynamic, ever changing assemblage of polymers. These insights along with growing evidence about the biochemical/biophysical properties of plant cytoskeletal polymers, especially those obtained by single filament imaging and reconstituted systems of purified proteins analyzed by total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy, allow the generation of a unique model for the dynamic turnover of actin filaments, termed stochastic dynamics. Here, we review several significant advances and highlight opportunities that will position plants at the vanguard of research on actin organization and turnover. A challenge for the future will be to apply the power of reverse-genetics in several model organisms to test the molecular details of this new model.
凝视着太平洋西北地区的一棵巨大的红杉树，它在几个世纪的时间里已经长到了惊人的高度，但这并不能让人相信植物是为速度和多功能性而设计的。即使在细胞水平上，聚合物系统——细胞骨架或细胞骨架——整合信号并生成跨越几个纳米到几百微米尺度的亚细胞结构，协调细胞生长。细胞骨架这个术语本身就暗示了一个稳定的结构。显然，事实并非如此。最近使用先进成像模式的研究揭示了植物肌动蛋白细胞骨架是一种高度动态的、不断变化的聚合物组装体。这些见解以及越来越多的关于植物细胞骨架聚合物的生物化学/生物物理特性的证据，特别是通过单丝成像和用全内反射荧光显微镜分析纯化蛋白的重组系统获得的证据，允许生成一个用于肌动蛋白丝动态周转的独特模型，称为随机动力学。在这里，我们回顾了几个重要的进展，并强调了将植物置于肌动蛋白组织和周转研究前沿的机会。未来的一个挑战将是在几个模式生物中应用反向遗传学的力量来检验这个新模型的分子细节。
