Unit for Psychiatric Research, Aalborg Psychiatric Hospital, Aarhus University Hospital, Aalborg,
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2011 Apr 1;114(2-3):134-9. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.09.013. Epub 2010 Oct 25.
This is a register-based cohort study of 20,581 individuals in treatment for illicit substance use disorders in Denmark between 1996 and 2006. All in all, 1441 deaths were recorded during 111,445 person-years of follow-up. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) associated with different primary substance types were calculated and Cox-regression analyses were performed in order to establish hazard ratios (HR) associated with injection drug use and psychiatric comorbidity. SMRs for primary users of specific substances were: cannabis: 4.9 (95% confidence interval (CI): 4.2-5.8), cocaine: 6.4 (CI: 3.9-10.0), amphetamine: 6.0 (CI: 4.2-8.3), heroin: 9.1 (CI: 8.5-9.8), and other opioids 7.7 (CI: 6.6-8.9). For MDMA ('ecstasy') the crude mortality rate was 1.7/1000 person-years (CI: 0.4-7.0) and the SMR was not significantly elevated. Injection drug use was associated with significantly increased hazard ratios in users of opioids and cocaine/amphetamine. Overall, psychiatric comorbidity was not associated with increased mortality (HR: 1.1 [CI: 0.9-1.2], p=.28), but an association was found specifically among cocaine/amphetamine users (HR: 3.6 [CI: 2.1-6.4], p<.001).
这是一项基于登记的队列研究，共纳入 20581 例在丹麦接受非法物质使用障碍治疗的个体，随访时间为 1996 年至 2006 年。总共记录到 1441 例死亡，随访期间的总人年数为 111445。计算了不同主要物质类型的标准化死亡率（SMR），并进行 Cox 回归分析，以确定与注射吸毒和精神共病相关的风险比（HR）。主要使用特定物质的个体的 SMR 为：大麻：4.9（95%置信区间（CI）：4.2-5.8），可卡因：6.4（CI：3.9-10.0），苯丙胺：6.0（CI：4.2-8.3），海洛因：9.1（CI：8.5-9.8），其他阿片类药物 7.7（CI：6.6-8.9）。对于 MDMA（“摇头丸”），粗死亡率为 1.7/1000 人年（CI：0.4-7.0），SMR 没有显著升高。注射吸毒与阿片类药物和可卡因/苯丙胺使用者的风险比显著增加相关。总体而言，精神共病与死亡率增加无关（HR：1.1[CI：0.9-1.2]，p=.28），但在可卡因/苯丙胺使用者中发现了特定的关联（HR：3.6[CI：2.1-6.4]，p<.001）。
