Food and Nutritional Sciences, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Adelaide, BC, SA 5000, Australia.
J Bone Miner Metab. 2011 Jan;29(1):1-14. doi: 10.1007/s00774-010-0225-9. Epub 2010 Oct 26.
The role of dietary protein in bone health has been controversial. On the one hand, a plentiful supply of dietary amino acids has been considered important to support bone remodeling while on the other hand there have been concerns that the dietary acid load associated with protein consumption promotes hypercalciuria and loss of bone calcium stores. This article reviews the effect of dietary protein on bone mass and bone density, and the effect on markers of bone resorption and formation and also on fracture risk, looking at both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies and examining both meat and vegetable protein including soy and milk basic protein. The results are not entirely consistent and suggest that the interaction between dietary protein and other components in a mixed diet, such as calcium intake and vegetables and fruit to neutralize acid, are important and may determine whether high-protein diets are beneficial to bone health. Overall the results suggest that dietary protein has a modest beneficial effect on bone markers and bone density. This effect has yet to be consistently linked to reduced fracture risk, probably because of the role of other etiological factors such as the risk of falls. There is not enough evidence currently to suggest that animal protein is superior or inferior to vegetable protein, or that milk or soy protein, respectively, is more favorable than other protein sources.
膳食蛋白质在骨骼健康中的作用一直存在争议。一方面，大量的膳食氨基酸被认为对支持骨骼重塑很重要；另一方面，人们担心与蛋白质摄入相关的饮食酸负荷会促进高钙尿症和骨钙储存丢失。本文综述了膳食蛋白质对骨量和骨密度的影响，以及对骨吸收和形成标志物的影响，还探讨了骨折风险，包括横断面和纵向研究，并检查了肉类和植物性蛋白质，包括大豆和牛奶基本蛋白质。结果并不完全一致，表明膳食蛋白质与混合饮食中的其他成分（如钙摄入以及蔬菜和水果中和酸）之间的相互作用很重要，可能决定高蛋白饮食是否有益于骨骼健康。总的来说，结果表明膳食蛋白质对骨标志物和骨密度有适度的有益影响。这种影响尚未与降低骨折风险一致，可能是因为其他病因因素（如跌倒风险）的作用。目前没有足够的证据表明动物蛋白优于植物蛋白，或者牛奶或大豆蛋白分别比其他蛋白质来源更有利。
