CI-NAPS, UMR 6232, CNRS, CEA, Caen and Paris Descartes Universities, Caen, France.
Dev Sci. 2010 Nov;13(6):876-85. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-7687.2009.00938.x.
Tracing the connections from brain functions to children's cognitive development and education is a major goal of modern neuroscience. We performed the first meta-analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data obtained over the past decade (1999-2008) on more than 800 children and adolescents in three core systems of cognitive development and school learning: numerical abilities, reading, and executive functions (i.e. cognitive control). We ran Activation Likelihood Estimation (ALE) meta-analyses to obtain regions of reliable activity across all the studies. The results indicate that, unlike results usually reported for adults, children primarily engage the frontal cortex when solving numerical tasks. With age, there may be a shift from reliance on the frontal cortex to reliance on the parietal cortex. In contrast, the frontal, temporo-parietal and occipito-temporal regions at work during reading in children are very similar to those reported in adults. The executive frontal regions are also consistent with the imaging literature on cognitive control in adults, but the developmental comparison between children and adolescents demonstrates a key role of the anterior insular cortex (AIC) with an additional right AIC involvement in adolescents.
追踪大脑功能与儿童认知发展和教育之间的联系是现代神经科学的主要目标。我们对过去十年（1999-2008 年）在认知发展和学校学习的三个核心系统（即数值能力、阅读和执行功能（即认知控制））中对 800 多名儿童和青少年进行的功能磁共振成像（fMRI）数据进行了首次荟萃分析。我们进行了激活似然估计（ALE）荟萃分析，以获得所有研究中可靠活动的区域。结果表明，与通常为成年人报告的结果不同，儿童在解决数值任务时主要参与额叶皮层。随着年龄的增长，可能会从依赖额叶皮层转变为依赖顶叶皮层。相比之下，儿童阅读时工作的额、颞顶和枕颞区域与成人报告的区域非常相似。执行额叶区域也与成人认知控制的影像学文献一致，但儿童和青少年之间的发展比较表明，前岛叶皮层（AIC）在认知控制中起着关键作用，青少年的右侧 AIC 也有额外的参与。
