Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
Arch Microbiol. 2011 Jan;193(1):45-52. doi: 10.1007/s00203-010-0639-8. Epub 2010 Oct 27.
A hyperthermophilic heterotrophic archaeon (strain WB1) was isolated from a thermal pool in the Washburn hot spring group of Yellowstone National Park, USA. WB1 is a coccus, 0.6-1.2 μm in diameter, with a tetragonal S-layer, vacuoles, and occasional stalk-like protrusions. Growth is optimal at 84°C (range 64-93°C), pH 5-6 (range 3.5-8.5), and <1 g/l NaCl (range 0-4.6 g/l NaCl). Tests of metabolic properties show the isolate to be a strict anaerobe that ferments complex organic substrates. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence places WB1 in a clade of previously uncultured Desulfurococcaceae and shows it to have ≤ 96% 16S rRNA sequence identity to Desulfurococcus mobilis, Staphylothermus marinus, Staphylothermus hellenicus, and Sulfophobococcus zilligii. The 16S rRNA gene contains a large insertion similar to homing endonuclease introns reported in Thermoproteus and Pyrobaculum species. Growth is unaffected by the presence of S(0) or SO(4)(2-), thereby differentiating the isolate from its closest relatives. Based on phylogenetic and physiological differences, it is proposed that isolate WB1 represents the type strain of a novel genus and species within the Desulfurococcaceae, Thermogladius shockii gen. nov., sp. nov. (RIKEN = JCM-16579, ATCC = BAA-1607, Genbank 16S rRNA gene = EU183120).
一种嗜热异养古菌（菌株 WB1）从美国黄石国家公园沃什伯恩温泉组的一个热池分离而来。WB1 是一个球菌，直径 0.6-1.2μm，具有四方体 S-层、空泡和偶尔的杆状突起。生长的最佳温度为 84°C（64-93°C 范围），pH5-6（3.5-8.5 范围），NaCl 浓度<1g/L（0-4.6g/L NaCl 范围）。代谢特性测试表明，该分离株是一种严格的厌氧菌，可发酵复杂的有机底物。16S rRNA 基因序列的系统发育分析将 WB1 置于一个以前未培养的脱硫球菌科的分支中，并表明它与脱硫球菌属 Mobilis、Staphylothermus marinus、Staphylothermus hellenicus 和 Sulfophobococcus zilligii 的 16S rRNA 序列同一性≤96%。16S rRNA 基因包含一个类似于在 Thermoproteus 和 Pyrobaculum 物种中报道的归巢内切酶内含子的大插入。S(0)或 SO(4)(2-)的存在不会影响生长，从而使该分离株与最接近的亲缘关系区分开来。基于系统发育和生理差异，建议分离株 WB1 代表脱硫球菌科中一个新属和种的模式菌株，Thermogladius shockii gen. nov.，sp. nov.（RIKEN=JCM-16579，ATCC=BAA-1607，Genbank 16S rRNA 基因=EU183120）。
