Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa.
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2010 Nov 27;365(1558):3729-42. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2010.0274.
Landscape transformation by humans is virtually ubiquitous, with several suggestions being made that the world's biomes should now be classified according to the extent and nature of this transformation. Even those areas that are thought to have a relatively limited human footprint have experienced substantial biodiversity change. This is true of both marine and terrestrial systems of southern Africa, a region of high biodiversity and including several large conservation areas. Global change drivers have had substantial effects across many levels of the biological hierarchy as is demonstrated in this review, which focuses on terrestrial systems. Interactions among drivers, such as between climate change and invasion, and between changing fire regimes and invasion, are complicating attribution of change effects and management thereof. Likewise CO(2) fertilization is having a much larger impact on terrestrial systems than perhaps commonly acknowledged. Temporal changes in biodiversity, and the seeming failure of institutional attempts to address them, underline a growing polarization of world views, which is hampering efforts to address urgent conservation needs.
人类对景观的改造几乎无处不在，有几种观点认为，现在应该根据这种改造的程度和性质对世界生物群系进行分类。即使那些被认为人类足迹相对有限的地区也经历了生物多样性的实质性变化。这既适用于南部非洲的海洋和陆地系统，也适用于该地区的几个大型保护区。正如本综述所示，全球变化驱动因素在生物层次的许多层面上都产生了重大影响，本综述侧重于陆地系统。驱动因素之间的相互作用，如气候变化和入侵之间，以及火灾发生频率变化和入侵之间的相互作用，使得归因于变化影响和管理变化影响变得复杂。同样，二氧化碳施肥对陆地系统的影响可能比人们通常认为的要大得多。生物多样性的时间变化，以及机构试图解决这些问题的尝试似乎失败，突显了世界观的日益两极化，这阻碍了为解决紧迫的保护需求而做出的努力。
