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2009 年新加坡间日疟原虫传播的昆虫学和分子学研究。

Entomologic and molecular investigation into Plasmodium vivax transmission in Singapore, 2009.

机构信息

Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, 11 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138667.

出版信息

Malar J. 2010 Oct 29;9:305. doi: 10.1186/1475-2875-9-305.

DOI:10.1186/1475-2875-9-305
PMID:21029478
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2988040/
Abstract

BACKGROUND

Singapore has been certified malaria free since November 1982 by the World Health Organization and despite occasional local transmission, the country has maintained the standing. In 2009, three clusters of malaria cases were reported in Singapore.

METHODS

Epidemiological, entomological and molecular studies were carried out to investigate the three clusters, namely Mandai-Sungei Kadut, Jurong Island and Sembawang.

RESULTS

A total of 29 malaria patients, with no recent travel history, were reported in the three clusters. Molecular analysis based on the msp3α and msp1 genes showed two independent local transmissions: one in Mandai-Sungei Kadut and another in Sembawang. Almost all cases within each cluster were epidemiologically linked. In Jurong Island cluster, epidemiological link remains uncertain, as almost all cases had a unique genetic profile. Only two cases shared a common profile and were found to be linked to the Mandai-Sungei Kadut cluster. Entomological investigation found Anopheles sinensis to be the predominant Anopheline in the two areas where local transmission of P. vivax was confirmed. Anopheles sinensis was found to be attracted to human bait and bites as early as 19:45 hrs. However, all Anopheles mosquitoes caught were negative for sporozoites and oocysts by dissection.

CONCLUSION

Investigation of P. vivax cases from the three cluster areas confirmed the occurrence of local transmission in two areas. Although An. sinensis was the predominant Anopheline found in areas with confirmed transmission, the vector/s responsible for the outbreaks still remains cryptic.

摘要

背景

自 1982 年 11 月世界卫生组织认证新加坡无疟疾以来，尽管偶尔有局部传播，但该国一直保持着这一地位。2009 年，新加坡报告了三批疟疾病例。

方法

开展了流行病学、昆虫学和分子研究，以调查 Mandai-Sungei Kadut、Jurong 岛和 Sembawang 的三个疟疾集群。

结果

在三个集群中报告了总共 29 例无近期旅行史的疟疾患者。基于 msp3α 和 msp1 基因的分子分析显示了两个独立的本地传播：一个在 Mandai-Sungei Kadut，另一个在 Sembawang。每个集群内的几乎所有病例都在流行病学上有关联。在 Jurong 岛集群中，由于几乎所有病例都具有独特的遗传特征，因此流行病学关联仍不确定。只有两例具有共同特征，被发现与 Mandai-Sungei Kadut 集群有关联。昆虫学调查发现，中华按蚊是确认间日疟原虫本地传播的两个地区的主要按蚊。中华按蚊早在 19:45 就被发现对人类诱饵和叮咬有吸引力。然而，通过解剖发现，所有捕获的按蚊均未感染孢子和卵囊。

结论

对来自三个集群地区的间日疟原虫病例的调查证实了两个地区发生了本地传播。尽管在已确认传播的地区发现中华按蚊是主要的按蚊，但爆发的媒介/蚊仍未确定。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/3364/2988040/ac29d2748511/1475-2875-9-305-5.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/3364/2988040/1f14657384d2/1475-2875-9-305-1.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/3364/2988040/5ab462d42060/1475-2875-9-305-2.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/3364/2988040/7bfba5e84086/1475-2875-9-305-3.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/3364/2988040/66d4bf5059ff/1475-2875-9-305-4.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/3364/2988040/ac29d2748511/1475-2875-9-305-5.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/3364/2988040/1f14657384d2/1475-2875-9-305-1.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/3364/2988040/5ab462d42060/1475-2875-9-305-2.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/3364/2988040/7bfba5e84086/1475-2875-9-305-3.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/3364/2988040/66d4bf5059ff/1475-2875-9-305-4.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/3364/2988040/ac29d2748511/1475-2875-9-305-5.jpg

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