INRA, Research Center for Human Nutrition-IdF, UMR914, Paris, France.
Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2011 Jan;300(1):G137-45. doi: 10.1152/ajpgi.00299.2010. Epub 2010 Oct 28.
The consumption of monosodium glutamate (MSG) is advocated to elicit physiological and metabolic effects, yet these effects have been poorly investigated directly in humans and in particular in the postprandial phase. Thirteen healthy adults were supplemented for 6 days with a nutritional dose of MSG (2 g) or sodium chloride (NaCl) as control, following a crossover design. On the 7th day, they underwent a complete postprandial examination for the 6 h following the ingestion of the same liquid standard meal (700 kcal, 20% of energy as [(15)N]protein, 50% as carbohydrate, and 30% as fat) supplemented with MSG or NaCl. Real-ultrasound measures of antral area indicated a significant increased distension for the 2 h following the meal supplemented with MSG vs. NaCl. This early postprandial phase was also associated with significantly increased levels of circulating leucine, isoleucine, valine, lysine, cysteine, alanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan after MSG compared with NaCl. No changes to the postprandial glucose, insulin, glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1, and ghrelin were noted between MSG- and NaCl-supplemented meals. Subjective assessments of hunger and fullness were neither affected by MSG supplementation. Finally, the postprandial fate of dietary N was identical between dietary conditions. Our findings indicate that nutritional dose of MSG promoted greater postprandial elevations of several indispensable amino acids in plasma and induced gastric distension. Further work to elucidate the possible sparing effect of MSG on indispensable amino acid first-pass uptake in humans is warranted. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00862017.
谷氨酸单钠（MSG）的摄入被提倡会产生生理和代谢效应，但这些效应在人体中特别是在餐后阶段的直接研究还很少。13 名健康成年人按照交叉设计，连续 6 天分别补充营养剂量的 MSG（2 克）或氯化钠（NaCl）作为对照。第 7 天，他们在摄入相同的液体标准餐后 6 小时内接受了完整的餐后检查，标准餐含有 700 千卡热量，（15）N 标记的蛋白质占 20%，碳水化合物占 50%，脂肪占 30%。补充 MSG 或 NaCl 后，实时超声测量的胃窦面积表明，与补充 NaCl 相比，MSG 组在餐后 2 小时内胃窦区的膨胀明显增加。与补充 NaCl 相比，MSG 组在餐后早期还伴有循环亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、缬氨酸、赖氨酸、半胱氨酸、丙氨酸、酪氨酸和色氨酸水平显著升高。MSG 和 NaCl 补充餐之间的餐后葡萄糖、胰岛素、胰高血糖素样肽 1（GLP-1）和胃饥饿素水平没有变化。MSG 补充剂对餐后的饥饿感和饱腹感没有影响。最后，两种膳食条件下膳食 N 的餐后命运是相同的。我们的研究结果表明，营养剂量的 MSG 可促进血浆中几种必需氨基酸的餐后升高，并引起胃扩张。有必要进一步研究 MSG 对人体必需氨基酸初次通过摄取的可能节约作用。该试验在 clinicaltrials.gov 上注册为 NCT00862017。
