Ota Mitsuhiko, Hartsuiker Robert J, Haywood Sarah L
School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Dugald Stewart Building, 3 Charles Street, Edinburgh, EH8 9AD.
Lang Speech. 2010;53(Pt 3):383-403. doi: 10.1177/0023830910371462.
A visual semantic categorization task in English was performed by native English speakers (Experiment 1) and late bilinguals whose first language was Japanese (Experiment 2) or Spanish (Experiment 3). In the critical conditions, the target word was a homophone of a correct category exemplar (e.g., A BODY OF WATER--SEE; cf. SEA) or a word that differed from the correct exemplar by a phonological contrast absent in the bilinguals' first language (e.g., USED FOR COOLING DOWN--FUN; cf. FAN). Homophones elicited more false positive errors and slower processing than spelling controls in all groups. The Japanese-English bilinguals, but not the Spanish-English bilinguals, also displayed 'near-homophone' effects (i.e., homophone-like effects from minimal pairs on nonnative contrasts). We conclude that second-language visual word recognition is influenced by first-language phonology, although the effect is conditioned by the first-language orthographic system. Near-homophone effects can occur when the orthographic systems of the late bilingual's two languages are different in type (e.g., alphabetic vs. non-alphabetic), but may be blocked if the languages use the same writing script (e.g., Roman alphabet).
以英语为母语的人（实验1）以及母语为日语（实验2）或西班牙语（实验3）的晚期双语者完成了一项英文视觉语义分类任务。在关键条件下，目标词是正确类别示例的同音词（例如，一片水域——SEE；对比SEA），或者是与正确示例在双语者母语中不存在的语音对比上有所不同的词（例如，用于降温——FUN；对比FAN）。在所有组中，同音词比拼写对照引发了更多的误报错误且处理速度更慢。日英双语者，但西班牙语-英语双语者没有，还表现出“近同音词”效应（即，在非母语对比上由最小对立体产生的类似同音词的效应）。我们得出结论，第二语言视觉单词识别受第一语言音系学的影响，尽管这种影响受第一语言正字法系统的制约。当晚期双语者的两种语言的正字法系统在类型上不同（例如，字母文字与非字母文字）时，可能会出现近同音词效应，但如果两种语言使用相同的书写脚本（例如，罗马字母），这种效应可能会受到阻碍。
