Breeze J, Horsfall I, Hepper A, Clasper J
Academic Department of Military Surgery and Trauma, Royal Centre for Defence Medicine, Birmingham Research Park, United Kingdom.
Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2011 Dec;49(8):602-6. doi: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2010.10.001. Epub 2010 Oct 30.
Recent international papers have suggested an urgent need for new methods of protecting the face, neck, and eyes in battle. We made a systematic analysis to identify all papers that reported the incidence and mortality of combat wounds to the face, eyes, or neck in the 21st century, and any papers that described methods of protecting the face, neck, or eyes. Neck wounds were found in 2-11% of injuries in battle, and associated with high mortality, but no new methods of protecting the neck were identified. Facial wounds were found in 6-30% of injuries in battle, but despite the psychological effects of this type of injury only one paper suggested methods for protection. If soldiers wore existing eye protection they potentially reduced the mean incidence of eye injuries in combat from the 4.5% found in this analysis to 0.5%. Given the need to balance protection with the functional requirements of the individual soldier, a multidisciplinary approach is required. Military surgeons are well placed to work with material scientists and biomechanical engineers to suggest modifications to the design of both personal and vehicle-mounted protection. Further research needs is needed to find out how effective current methods of protecting the neck are, and to develop innovative methods of protecting the vulnerable regions of the neck and face.
近期的国际论文表明，战场上急需保护面部、颈部和眼睛的新方法。我们进行了系统分析，以找出所有报道21世纪面部、眼睛或颈部战伤发病率和死亡率的论文，以及任何描述保护面部、颈部或眼睛方法的论文。颈部战伤在战斗受伤者中占2%-11%，且死亡率很高，但未发现保护颈部的新方法。面部战伤在战斗受伤者中占6%-30%，不过尽管这类损伤会产生心理影响，但只有一篇论文提出了保护方法。如果士兵佩戴现有的眼部防护装备，他们在战斗中眼部受伤的平均发生率可能会从本分析中发现的4.5%降至0.5%。鉴于需要在保护与单个士兵的功能需求之间取得平衡，需要采取多学科方法。军事外科医生有条件与材料科学家和生物力学工程师合作，对个人和车载防护装备的设计提出改进建议。还需要进一步研究，以了解当前颈部保护方法的效果如何，并开发保护颈部和面部脆弱区域的创新方法。
