Neonatal Unit, Birmingham Women's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.
Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2012 Mar;97(2):F141-6. doi: 10.1136/adc.2007.120709. Epub 2010 Oct 30.
Antibiotics are increasingly prescribed in the peripartum period, for both maternal and fetal indications. Their effective use can be life-saving, however, injudicious use drives antibiotic resistance and contributes to the development of abnormal faecal flora and subsequent immune dysregulation. Neonatal units are a high risk area for the selection and transmission of multi-resistant organisms. Very few new antibiotics with activity against Gram-negative bacteria are under development, and no significantly new Gram-negative antibiotics will be available in the next decade. This review seeks to summarise current practice, and suggests restrictive antibiotic strategies based on epidemiological data from recently published UK neonatal infection surveillance studies.
围产期（指产前、产时和产后的一段时期）越来越多地开具抗生素，无论是针对母体还是胎儿的适应证。抗生素的合理使用可以挽救生命，然而，不合理的使用会导致抗生素耐药性的产生，并促使异常粪便菌群的形成和随后的免疫失调。新生儿病房是选择和传播多耐药体的高风险区域。具有抗革兰氏阴性菌活性的新型抗生素很少在开发中，并且在未来十年内不会有新型显著的抗革兰氏阴性菌抗生素问世。本综述旨在总结当前的实践，并根据最近发表的英国新生儿感染监测研究的流行病学数据提出限制性抗生素策略。
