Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
Traffic. 2010 Nov;11(11):1391-400. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0854.2010.01114.x.
The Golgi apparatus lies at the heart of the secretory pathway where it receives, modifies and sorts protein cargo to the proper intracellular or extracellular location. Although this secretory function is highly conserved throughout the eukaryotic kingdom, the structure of the Golgi complex is arranged very differently among species. In particular, Golgi membranes in vertebrate cells are integrated into a single compact entity termed the Golgi ribbon that is normally localized in the perinuclear area and in close vicinity to the centrosomes. This organization poses a challenge for cell division when the single Golgi ribbon needs to be partitioned into the two daughter cells. To ensure faithful inheritance in the progeny, the Golgi ribbon is divided in three consecutive steps in mitosis, namely disassembly, partitioning and reassembly. However, the structure of the Golgi ribbon is only present in higher animals and Golgi disassembly during mitosis is not ubiquitous in all organisms. Therefore, there must be unique reasons to build up the Golgi in this particular conformation and to preserve it over generations. In this review, we first highlight the diversity of the Golgi architecture in different organisms and revisit the concept of the Golgi ribbon. Following on, we discuss why the ribbon is needed and how it forms in vertebrate cells. Lastly, we conclude with likely purposes of mitotic ribbon disassembly and further propose mechanisms by which it regulates mitosis.
高尔基体位于分泌途径的核心部位，在这里它接收、修饰和分拣蛋白质货物，将其运送到适当的细胞内或细胞外位置。尽管这种分泌功能在真核生物界中高度保守，但高尔基体复合物的结构在不同物种之间的排列方式却非常不同。特别是，脊椎动物细胞中的高尔基体膜整合到一个单一的紧凑实体中，称为高尔基体带，通常定位于核周区域，并靠近中心体。当单个高尔基体带需要被分割成两个子细胞时，这种组织方式对细胞分裂构成了挑战。为了确保在后代中进行忠实的遗传，高尔基体带在有丝分裂中需要经过三个连续的步骤进行分裂，即解体、分割和重新组装。然而，高尔基体带的结构仅存在于高等动物中，而且高尔基体在有丝分裂中的解体并非在所有生物体中都普遍存在。因此，高尔基体以这种特定构象构建并在几代中得以保存，一定有其独特的原因。在这篇综述中，我们首先强调了不同生物体中高尔基体结构的多样性，并重新审视了高尔基体带的概念。接下来，我们讨论了为什么需要形成带结构以及它是如何在脊椎动物细胞中形成的。最后，我们总结了有丝分裂带解体的可能目的，并进一步提出了它调节有丝分裂的机制。
