Social Medicine and Global Health, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Sweden.
Glob Health Action. 2010 Oct 27;3. doi: 10.3402/gha.v3i0.5432.
Uganda has reduced its prevalence of HIV/AIDS from 18 to 6.5% within a decade. An important factor behind this might have been the response from faith-based voluntary organizations, which developed social capital for achieving this. Three behaviors have been targeted: Abstinence, Being faithful, and Condom use (the ABC strategy). The aim of this study was to explore the association between social capital and the ABC behaviors, especially with reference to religious factors.
In 2005, 980 Ugandan university students responded to a self-administered questionnaire (response rate 80%). It assessed sociodemographic factors, social capital, importance of religion, sexual debut, number of lifetime sexual partners, and condom use. Logistic regression analysis was applied as the main analytical tool.
Thirty-seven percent of the male and 49% of the female students had not had sexual intercourse. Of those with sexual experience, 46% of the males and 23% of the females had had three or more lifetime sexual partners, and 32% of those males and 38% of the females stated they did not always use condoms with a new partner. Low trust in others was associated with a higher risk for not always using condoms with a new partner among male students (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.1-2.8), and with a lower risk for sexual debut among female students (OR 0.5, 95% CI 0.3-0.9). Non-dominant bridging trust among male students was associated with a higher risk for having had many sexual partners (OR1.8, 95% CI 1.2-2.9). However, low trust in others was associated with a greater likelihood of sexual debut in men, while the opposite was true in women, and a similar pattern was also seen regarding a high number of lifetime sexual partners in individuals who were raised in families where religion played a major role.
In general, social capital was associated with less risky sexual behavior in our sample. However, gender and role of religion modified the effect so that we can not assume that risky sexual behavior is automatically reduced by increasing social capital in a highly religious society. The findings indicate the importance of understanding the interplay between social capital, religious influence, and gender issues in HIV/AIDS preventive strategies in Uganda.
乌干达在十年内将其艾滋病毒/艾滋病的流行率从 18%降至 6.5%。这一成就的一个重要因素可能是信仰型志愿组织的反应，这些组织为此建立了社会资本。有三种行为目标：禁欲、忠诚和使用避孕套（ABC 策略）。本研究旨在探讨社会资本与 ABC 行为之间的关联，特别是与宗教因素有关。
2005 年，980 名乌干达大学生对自我管理问卷做出了回应（回应率为 80%）。它评估了社会人口因素、社会资本、宗教的重要性、性初体验、终生性伴侣数量和避孕套使用情况。逻辑回归分析是主要的分析工具。
37%的男学生和 49%的女学生没有过性行为。在有性经验的学生中，46%的男学生和 23%的女学生有过三个或更多的终生性伴侣，32%的男学生和 38%的女学生表示他们与新伴侣时并非总是使用避孕套。男学生中，对他人的低信任与与新伴侣时不总是使用避孕套的风险增加有关（OR1.7，95%CI1.1-2.8），与女学生的性初体验风险降低有关（OR0.5，95%CI0.3-0.9）。男学生中，非主导的桥梁信任与有多个性伴侣的风险增加有关（OR1.8，95%CI1.2-2.9）。然而，对他人的低信任与男性的性初体验更有可能相关，而在女性中则相反，对于在宗教起主要作用的家庭中长大的个体，其终生性伴侣数量较多的情况也存在类似的模式。
总的来说，在我们的样本中，社会资本与风险较低的性行为相关。然而，性别和宗教的作用改变了这种影响，因此我们不能假设在一个高度宗教的社会中，增加社会资本就会自动降低风险性行为。研究结果表明，了解社会资本、宗教影响和性别问题在乌干达艾滋病毒/艾滋病预防策略中的相互作用的重要性。
