Division of Systems Medical Science, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan.
Cell Mol Life Sci. 2011 May;68(10):1645-56. doi: 10.1007/s00018-010-0552-y. Epub 2010 Nov 2.
It has been accepted that new neurons are added to the olfactory bulb and the hippocampal dentate gyrus throughout life in the healthy adult mammalian brain. Recent studies have clarified that brain insult raises the proliferation of neural stem cells/neural progenitor cells existing in the subventricular zone and the subgranular zone, which become sources of new neurons for the olfactory bulb and the dentate gyrus, respectively. Interestingly, convincing data has shown that brain insult invokes neurogenesis in various brain regions, such as the hippocampal cornu ammonis region, striatum, and cortex. These reports suggest that neural stem cells/neural progenitor cells, which can be activated by brain injury, might be broadly located in the adult brain or that new neurons may migrate widely from the neurogenic regions. This review focuses on brain insult-induced neurogenesis in the mammalian forebrain, especially in the neocortex.
现已公认，在健康成年哺乳动物的大脑中，嗅球和海马齿状回会在整个生命过程中不断产生新的神经元。最近的研究阐明，大脑损伤会增加存在于侧脑室下区和颗粒下区的神经干细胞/神经前体细胞的增殖，它们分别成为嗅球和齿状回新神经元的来源。有趣的是，令人信服的证据表明，大脑损伤会引发海马角、纹状体和皮质等各种脑区的神经发生。这些报告表明，可能有广泛存在于成年大脑中的神经干细胞/神经前体细胞，或者新神经元可能从神经发生区域广泛迁移。本综述重点介绍哺乳动物前脑（特别是新皮质）中由脑损伤引起的神经发生。
