Open Society Foundations Public Health Program, International Harm Reduction Development Program, New York, NY, USA.
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2010 Dec;55 Suppl 1:S56-62. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181f9c0de.
Efforts to provide HIV prevention, treatment, and care to injecting drug users (IDU) are shaped by tensions between approaches that regard IDU as criminals and those regarding drug-dependent individuals as patients deserving treatment and human rights. Advocates for IDU health and human rights find common cause in urging greater attention to legal frameworks, the effects of police abuses, and the need for protections for particularly vulnerable populations including women and those in state custody. Arbitrary detention of drug users, and conditions of pretrial detention, offer examples of how HIV prevention and treatment are adversely impacted by human rights abuse. National commitments to universal access to prevention and treatment for injecting drug users, and the recognition that users of illicit substances do not forfeit their entitlement to health services or human dignity, offer a clear point of convergence for advocates for health and rights, and suggest directions for reform to increase availability of sterile injection equipment, opiate substitution treatment, and antiretroviral therapy. For IDU, protection of rights has particular urgency if universal access to HIV prevention and treatment is to become an achievable reality.
努力为注射吸毒者（IDU）提供艾滋病毒预防、治疗和护理，受到将 IDU 视为罪犯的方法与将吸毒成瘾者视为需要治疗和人权的患者的方法之间的紧张关系的影响。倡导 IDU 健康和人权的人在敦促更加关注法律框架、警察滥用职权的影响以及保护包括妇女和被国家拘留者在内的特别弱势群体方面找到了共同的理由。任意拘留吸毒者和审前拘留的条件，就是艾滋病毒预防和治疗受到侵犯人权行为不利影响的例子。各国承诺普及注射吸毒者的预防和治疗，承认非法药物使用者并没有丧失获得卫生服务或人的尊严的权利，这为健康和权利倡导者提供了一个明确的交汇点，并为增加提供无菌注射设备、阿片类药物替代治疗和抗逆转录病毒疗法指明了改革方向。对于 IDU 来说，如果要实现普及艾滋病毒预防和治疗，保护权利就具有特别的紧迫性。
