UCSD Division of Urology, San Diego, CA 92103-8897, USA.
Curr Opin Urol. 2011 Jan;21(1):1-4. doi: 10.1097/MOU.0b013e32834100c9.
Although age, genetics, and sex steroid hormones play prominent roles in the cause of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), recent epidemiological studies suggest that modifiable lifestyle factors also contribute substantially to the pathogenesis of these conditions.
Lifestyle and metabolic factors associated with significantly increased risks of benign prostatic hyperplasia and lower urinary tract symptoms include obesity, diabetes, and meat and fat consumption. Factors associated with decreased risks include physical activity, moderate alcohol intake, and vegetable consumption. Factors for which no clear risk patterns have emerged include lipids and smoking. Randomized clinical trials of lifestyle alterations - such as weight loss, exercise, and diet - for the prevention or treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia and lower urinary tract symptoms have yet to be performed.
Lifestyle factors present a novel opportunity for the prevention and treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia and lower urinary tract symptoms. Although clinical trials of lifestyle modifications have not yet been undertaken, promotion of healthy lifestyle alternatives within the context of standard benign prostatic hyperplasia and lower urinary tract symptoms treatment algorithms is potentially beneficial.
目的综述：虽然年龄、遗传和性激素在良性前列腺增生（BPH）和下尿路症状（LUTS）的发病机制中起着重要作用，但最近的流行病学研究表明，可改变的生活方式因素也对这些疾病的发病机制有重要影响。
最近发现：与良性前列腺增生和下尿路症状风险显著增加相关的生活方式和代谢因素包括肥胖、糖尿病和肉类及脂肪摄入。与风险降低相关的因素包括体力活动、适度饮酒和蔬菜摄入。而对于脂质和吸烟，目前还没有明确的风险模式。针对良性前列腺增生和下尿路症状的生活方式改变（如减肥、锻炼和饮食）的随机临床试验尚未进行。
总结：生活方式因素为良性前列腺增生和下尿路症状的预防和治疗提供了新的机会。虽然尚未进行生活方式改变的临床试验，但在标准的良性前列腺增生和下尿路症状治疗算法的背景下，提倡健康的生活方式替代方案可能是有益的。
