Kritchevsky D
Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104.
Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1990 Jan;193(1):35-8. doi: 10.3181/00379727-193-42986.
Underfeeding or caloric restriction have been shown to inhibit the growth of spontaneous, transplanted, or chemically induced tumors in rats and mice. At 40% caloric restriction, growth of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced mammary and 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colonic tumors is inhibited significantly even when the restricted diet contains twice as much fat as the control diet. Some inhibitory effects become evident even at 10% caloric restriction. In studies involving high fat diets, we find that rats receiving 20% fat ad libitum exhibit significantly higher 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced mammary tumor incidence, multiplicity, and weight than rats ingesting the same amount of fat daily, but in a diet containing 25% fewer calories. In a study of intermittent ad libitum and restrictive feedings, chemically induced tumorigenicity varies inversely with feed efficiency. Exercise has also been shown to inhibit tumor growth. Sedentary rats fed ad libitum have a 108% higher incidence of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colon tumors than rats fed ad libitum but subjected to vigorous treadmill exercise. Caloric flux (either reduced intake or increased outflow) appears to reduce tumorigenicity in rodents.
进食不足或热量限制已被证明可抑制大鼠和小鼠自发性、移植性或化学诱导性肿瘤的生长。在热量限制40%的情况下，即使限制饮食中的脂肪含量是对照饮食的两倍，7,12-二甲基苯并(a)蒽诱导的乳腺肿瘤和1,2-二甲基肼诱导的结肠肿瘤的生长也会受到显著抑制。即使在热量限制10%时，一些抑制作用也会变得明显。在涉及高脂肪饮食的研究中，我们发现随意摄入20%脂肪的大鼠，其7,12-二甲基苯并(a)蒽诱导的乳腺肿瘤发生率、多发性和重量，显著高于每天摄入相同脂肪量但热量少25%的饮食的大鼠。在一项关于间歇性随意进食和限制性进食的研究中，化学诱导的致瘤性与进食效率成反比。运动也已被证明可抑制肿瘤生长。随意进食的久坐大鼠，1,2-二甲基肼诱导的结肠肿瘤发生率比随意进食但进行剧烈跑步机运动的大鼠高108%。热量通量（无论是摄入量减少还是流出量增加）似乎都能降低啮齿动物的致瘤性。
