Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, Finland.
Ann Med. 2012 Feb;44(1):73-81. doi: 10.3109/07853890.2010.530682. Epub 2010 Nov 3.
Patients with type 1 diabetes are instructed to eat a healthy, balanced diet. Implementation of diet is an under-studied phenomenon. We aimed to describe the nutrient intake of a large sample of adult Finnish patients with type 1 diabetes and assess whether they meet the recommendations.
Cross-sectional data from a total of 817 patients are presented. Data on food intake were collected with a 3-day food record completed twice with a 2-3-month interval. Compliance with dietary guidance was self-reported.
Patients frequently reported a diet low in carbohydrates and fibre but high in fat. Only 28% restricted saturated fatty acid to less than 10% of their daily energy intake. One-fourth of the patients reported higher than recommended sucrose intake. Salt recommendations were frequently exceeded. Of the micronutrients, the recommendations for vitamin A, vitamin D, folate, and iron were most frequently unmet. Although self-reported compliance was associated with a higher frequency of meeting the recommendations for some of the macronutrients, the actual frequencies were modest. In general, those compliant were observed to consume more vitamin and mineral-dense food.
Dietary intake among patients with type 1 diabetes does not, for many nutrients, meet the recommendations.
1 型糖尿病患者被要求食用健康、均衡的饮食。然而，饮食的实施情况是一个研究不足的现象。我们旨在描述大量芬兰 1 型糖尿病成年患者的营养摄入情况，并评估他们是否符合建议。
呈现了总共 817 名患者的横断面数据。通过两次间隔 2-3 个月的 3 天食物记录收集食物摄入数据。饮食指导的依从性通过自我报告进行评估。
患者经常报告碳水化合物和纤维摄入不足，但脂肪摄入较高。只有 28%的患者将饱和脂肪酸限制在每日能量摄入的 10%以下。四分之一的患者报告蔗糖摄入量高于建议量。盐的摄入量经常超标。在微量营养素中，维生素 A、维生素 D、叶酸和铁的推荐摄入量最常得不到满足。尽管自我报告的依从性与满足一些宏量营养素建议的频率较高相关，但实际频率仍较低。一般来说，遵守饮食建议的患者被观察到食用更多富含维生素和矿物质的食物。
1 型糖尿病患者的饮食摄入在许多营养素方面不符合建议。
