Department of Psychiatry, Culture, Community and Health Studies, University of Toronto, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Int Rev Psychiatry. 2010;22(5):501-12. doi: 10.3109/09540261.2010.506184.
The social construction of gender is an important concept for better understanding the determinants of mental health in women and men. Going beyond physical and physiological differences and the traditional biomedical approach, interdisciplinary study of the complex factors related to culture and society, power and politics is necessary to be able to find solutions to situations of disparity in mental health, related to both prevalence of disorders, availability and response to treatment. Gender inequality continues to be a source of suffering for many women around the world, and this can lead to adverse mental health outcomes. This review focuses on developments in the literature on culture, gender and mental health over the past decade, focusing on themes around the social construction of gender, mental health and the media, a look at cultural competence through a gender lens, gender and the body, providing some examples of the intersection between mental health and gender in low-income countries as well as the more developed world, and the impact of migration and resettlement on mental health. At the clinical level, using a bio-psycho-social-spiritual model that can integrate and negotiate between both traditional and biomedical perspectives is necessary, combined with use of a cultural formulation that takes gender identity into account. Research involving both qualitative and quantitative perspectives, and in many cases an ethnographic framework, is essential in tackling these global issues.
性别社会建构是更好地理解男女心理健康决定因素的一个重要概念。超越生理和生理差异以及传统的生物医学方法，需要对与文化和社会、权力和政治相关的复杂因素进行跨学科研究，以便能够找到解决与心理健康差异相关的情况的方法，这些情况与障碍的患病率、治疗的可及性和反应都有关。性别不平等仍然是全世界许多妇女痛苦的根源，这可能导致心理健康不良。这篇综述重点介绍了过去十年中关于文化、性别和心理健康文献中的发展，关注性别社会建构、心理健康和媒体、从性别视角看待文化能力、性别与身体等主题，提供了一些心理健康和性别在低收入国家和更发达世界交叉的例子，以及移民和重新安置对心理健康的影响。在临床层面上，有必要使用一种能够整合和协商传统和生物医学观点的生物-心理-社会-精神模式，同时结合使用一种文化表述，考虑到性别认同。涉及定性和定量观点的研究，在许多情况下还涉及民族志框架，对于解决这些全球性问题至关重要。
