Zhu B Q, Parmley W W
Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco.
Am Heart J. 1990 Jan;119(1):168-78. doi: 10.1016/s0002-8703(05)80097-3.
A number of experimental studies have reported that dietary fish oil can attenuate the development of atherosclerosis in cholesterol-fed rats, quails, rabbits, pigs, and monkeys. Epidemiologic studies suggest that dietary fish oil can reduce the development of cardiovascular disease in humans. Data are limited but suggest that laboratory animals, normal volunteers, and patients with hyperlipidemia show similar responses to the consumption of fish oil. The major effect of dietary fish oil on serum lipoproteins is a reduction in plasma triglyceride levels, with inconsistent effects on plasma cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol. Dietary fish oil induces a significant reduction of platelet aggregation associated with a prolonged bleeding time. This antithrombotic effect may be partially related to a decreased thromboxane A2 and to an increased prostacyclin level. Dietary fish oil may also have anti-inflammatory and anti-immunologic effects through an elevation of prostaglandins and a reduction in the level of leukotriene B4. Recent experimental data suggest that either fish oil or verapamil can bring on a regression in atherosclerosis in cholesterol-fed rabbits put on a normal diet; however, there was no additive effect of the combination of these agents. Overall, data suggest that fish oil may have a role in attenuating the development of atherosclerosis.
多项实验研究报告称，膳食鱼油可减轻胆固醇喂养的大鼠、鹌鹑、兔子、猪和猴子的动脉粥样硬化发展。流行病学研究表明，膳食鱼油可降低人类心血管疾病的发生率。数据有限，但表明实验动物、正常志愿者和高脂血症患者对食用鱼油有类似反应。膳食鱼油对血清脂蛋白的主要作用是降低血浆甘油三酯水平，对血浆胆固醇和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇的影响不一致。膳食鱼油可显著降低血小板聚集，并伴有出血时间延长。这种抗血栓作用可能部分与血栓素A2减少和前列环素水平升高有关。膳食鱼油还可能通过提高前列腺素水平和降低白三烯B4水平而具有抗炎和抗免疫作用。最近的实验数据表明，鱼油或维拉帕米均可使正常饮食的胆固醇喂养兔子的动脉粥样硬化消退；然而，这些药物联合使用并无相加作用。总体而言，数据表明鱼油可能在减轻动脉粥样硬化发展方面发挥作用。
