Prehosp Disaster Med. 2010 Sep-Oct;25(5):387-95. doi: 10.1017/s1049023x00008438.
In order to prepare the healthcare system and healthcare personnel to meet the health needs of populations affected by disasters, educational programs have been developed by numerous academic institutions, hospitals, professional organizations, governments, and non-government organizations. Lacking standards for best practices as a foundation, many organizations and institutions have developed "core competencies" that they consider essential knowledge and skills for disaster healthcare personnel.
The Nursing Section of the World Association for Disaster and Emergency Medicine (WADEM) considered the possibility of endorsing an existing set of competencies that could be used to prepare nurses universally to participate in disaster health activities. This study was undertaken for the purpose of reviewing published disaster health competencies to determine commonalities and universal applicability for disaster preparedness.
In 2007, a review of the electronic literature databases was conducted using the major keywords: disaster response competencies; disaster preparedness competencies; emergency response competencies; disaster planning competencies; emergency planning competencies; public health emergency preparedness competencies; disaster nursing competencies; and disaster nursing education competencies. A manual search of references and selected literature from public and private sources also was conducted. Inclusion criteria included: English language; competencies listed or specifically referred to; competencies relevant to disaster, mass-casualty incident (MCI), or public health emergency; and competencies relevant to healthcare.
Eighty-six articles were identified; 20 articles failed to meet the initial inclusion criteria; 27 articles did not meet the additional criteria, leaving 39 articles for analysis. Twenty-eight articles described competencies targeted to a specific profession/discipline, while 10 articles described competencies targeted to a defined role or function during a disaster. Four of the articles described specific competencies according to skill level, rather than to a specific role or function. One article defined competencies according to specific roles as well as proficiency levels. Two articles categorized disaster nursing competencies according to the phases of the disaster management continuum. Fourteen articles described specified competencies as "core" competencies for various target groups, while one article described "cross-cutting" competencies applicable to all healthcare workers.
Hundreds of competencies for disaster healthcare personnel have been developed and endorsed by governmental and professional organizations and societies. Imprecise and inconsistent terminology and structure are evident throughout the reviewed competency sets. Universal acceptance and application of these competencies are lacking and none have been validated. Further efforts must be directed to developing a framework and standardized terminology for the articulation of competency sets for disaster health professionals that can by accepted and adapted universally.
为了使医疗体系和医护人员做好应对灾害影响人群健康需求的准备，许多学术机构、医院、专业组织、政府和非政府组织都制定了教育项目。由于缺乏最佳实践的标准作为基础，许多组织和机构已经制定了他们认为对灾害医疗人员至关重要的“核心能力”。
世界灾难与急救医学协会（WADEM）护理分会考虑认可一套现有的能力，以普遍培训护士参与灾害卫生活动。本研究旨在审查已发表的灾害卫生能力，以确定共同性和普遍适用性，从而为灾害防备做好准备。
2007 年，使用主要关键词“灾害应对能力”、“灾害准备能力”、“应急响应能力”、“灾害规划能力”、“应急规划能力”、“公共卫生应急准备能力”、“灾害护理能力”和“灾害护理教育能力”对电子文献数据库进行了检索。还对公共和私人来源的参考文献和选定文献进行了手工搜索。纳入标准包括：英语语言；列出或特别提及的能力；与灾害、大规模伤亡事件（MCI）或公共卫生紧急情况相关的能力；以及与医疗保健相关的能力。
确定了 86 篇文章；20 篇文章最初不符合纳入标准；27 篇文章不符合其他标准，只剩下 39 篇文章进行分析。28 篇文章描述了针对特定专业/学科的能力，而 10 篇文章描述了灾害期间特定角色或功能的能力。其中 4 篇文章根据技能水平而不是特定角色或功能来描述特定的能力。一篇文章根据特定角色以及熟练程度来定义能力。两篇文章根据灾害管理连续体的阶段对灾害护理能力进行了分类。14 篇文章将指定的能力描述为各种目标群体的“核心”能力，而一篇文章则描述了适用于所有医护人员的“跨领域”能力。
政府和专业组织和学会已经制定并认可了数百项灾害医疗人员的能力。在审查的能力组中，术语和结构不精确且不一致。这些能力普遍不被接受和应用，也没有得到验证。必须进一步努力制定一个框架和标准化术语，以表达灾害卫生专业人员的能力，使其能够被普遍接受和采用。
