Clayton H M, Kaiser L J, Lavagnino M, Stubbs N C
Mary Anne McPhail Equine Performance Center, Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, USA.
Equine Vet J Suppl. 2010 Nov(38):688-94. doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2010.00196.x.
Based upon human data, it is probable that many conditions associated with neck pain in horses may benefit from performing mobilisation exercises as part of the rehabilitation protocol.
To compare sagittal plane intervertebral angulations in a neutral standing position with the angulations at end range of motion in 3 dynamic mobility exercises performed in cervical flexion.
Sagittal plane motion of the head, neck and back were measured in 8 sound horses standing in a neutral position and in 3 end-of-range neck flexion positions: chin-to-chest, chin-between-carpi, and chin-between-fore fetlocks. Skin markers on the head, transverse processes of C1-C6, and dorsal spinous processes of T6, T8, T10, T16, L2, L6, S2 and S4 were tracked and adjacent markers connected to form rigid segments. Intersegmental angles, measured between segments on the ventral surface, in the 4 positions were compared using repeated measures ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc tests (P<0.05).
The largest angular differences involved the cranial and caudal cervical joints with smaller angular differences (<10°) in the mid-neck. The angle at C1 was significantly more extended for chin-between-carpi (98 ± 11°) and chin-between-fetlocks (132 ± 11°) than for the neutral position (86 ± 8°) or chin-to-chest (92 ± 8°) positions. The intersegmental angle at C6 indicated progressive lowering of the neck from neutral through chin-to-chest and chin-between-carpi to chin-between-fetlocks. The intersegmental angles from T6-L1 were more flexed by 3-7° in the cervical flexions compared with the neutral position with the differences being significant for at least one of the dynamic mobilisations at each vertebral level.
The articulations at the extremities of the cervical vertebral column are primarily responsible for sagittal plane position and orientation of the head and neck. Dynamic cervical flexion also flexes the thoracic intervertebral joints.
The results indicate that dynamic mobilisation exercises performed in cervical flexion have applications in mobilising the cervical and thoracic intervertebral joints, which may have some clinical applications in rehabilitation.
基于人类数据，很可能马匹中许多与颈部疼痛相关的病症可通过在康复方案中进行松动练习而受益。
比较处于中立站立姿势时矢状面椎间角度与在颈椎前屈时进行的3种动态活动练习的终末活动范围时的角度。
对8匹处于中立姿势站立的健康马匹以及3种颈部前屈终末位置（下巴抵胸部、下巴位于腕关节之间、下巴位于前肢球节之间）的矢状面头部、颈部和背部运动进行测量。对头部、C1 - C6的横突以及T6、T8、T10、T16、L2、L6、S2和S4的背侧棘突上的皮肤标记进行追踪，并将相邻标记相连以形成刚性节段。使用重复测量方差分析和Bonferroni事后检验（P<0.05）比较在4种位置下腹侧表面节段之间测量的节段间角度。
最大的角度差异涉及颈椎的头端和尾端关节，颈部中部的角度差异较小（<10°）。与中立位置（86±8°）或下巴抵胸部（92±8°）位置相比，C1在下巴位于腕关节之间（98±11°）和下巴位于前肢球节之间（132±11°）时的角度明显更伸展。C6处的节段间角度表明颈部从中立位置经下巴抵胸部和下巴位于腕关节之间到下巴位于前肢球节之间逐渐降低。与中立位置相比，T6 - L1的节段间角度在颈椎前屈时更屈曲3 - 7°，在每个椎体水平上，至少有一项动态松动时差异显著。
颈椎柱两端的关节主要负责头部和颈部的矢状面位置和方向。动态颈椎前屈也会使胸椎间关节屈曲。
结果表明，在颈椎前屈时进行的动态松动练习在松动颈椎和胸椎间关节方面有应用价值，这在康复中可能有一些临床应用。
