Leisman Gerry, Melillo Robert, Thum Sharon, Ransom Mark A, Orlando Michael, Tice Christopher, Carrick Frederick R
The FR Carrick Institute for Clinical Ergonomics, Rehabilitation and Applied Neuroscience, Mineola, New York, USA.
Int J Adolesc Med Health. 2010 Apr-Jun;22(2):275-83. doi: 10.1515/ijamh.2010.22.2.275.
The development and normal function of the cerebrum is largely dependent on sub-cortical structures, such as the cerebellum and basal ganglia. Dysfunction in these areas can affect both the nonspecific arousal system and information transfer in the brain. Dysfunction of this sort often results in motor and sensory symptoms commonly seen in children with ADD/ADHD. These brain regions have been reported to be underactive, with that underactivity restricted to the right or left side of the sub-cortical and cortical regions. An imbalance of activity or arousal of one side of the cortex can result in a functional disconnection similar to that seen in split-brain patients. Since ADD/ADHD children exhibit deficient performance on tests thought to measure perceptual laterality, evidence of weak laterality or failure to develop laterality has been found across various modalities (auditory, visual, tactile) resulting in abnormal cerebral organization and associated dysfunctional specialization needed for lateralized processing of language and non-language function. This study examines groups of ADD/ADHD elementary school children from first through sixth grade. All participants were administered all the subtests of the Wechsler Individual Achievement Tests, the Brown Parent Questionnaire, and given objective performance measures on tests of motor and sensory coordinative abilities (interactive metronome). Results measured after a 12-week remediation program aimed at increasing the activity of the hypothesized underactive right hemisphere function, yielded significant improvement of greater than two years in grade level in all domains except in mathematical reasoning. Results are discussed in the context of the concept of functional disconnectivity in ADD/ADHD children.
大脑的发育和正常功能在很大程度上依赖于皮层下结构，如小脑和基底神经节。这些区域的功能障碍会影响非特异性唤醒系统和大脑中的信息传递。这种功能障碍通常会导致注意缺陷多动障碍（ADD/ADHD）儿童常见的运动和感觉症状。据报道，这些脑区活动不足，且这种活动不足局限于皮层下和皮层区域的右侧或左侧。皮层一侧的活动或唤醒失衡会导致类似于裂脑患者的功能连接中断。由于ADD/ADHD儿童在被认为用于测量感知偏侧性的测试中表现不佳，因此在各种模式（听觉、视觉、触觉）中都发现了偏侧性弱或未发展出偏侧性的证据，这导致了大脑组织异常以及语言和非语言功能的偏侧化处理所需的相关功能特化障碍。本研究考察了从一年级到六年级的ADD/ADHD小学生群体。所有参与者都接受了韦氏个别成就测验的所有子测验、布朗家长问卷，并接受了运动和感觉协调能力测试（交互式节拍器）的客观表现测量。在一项旨在增加假设的右侧半球功能低下活动的为期12周的矫正计划之后所测量的结果显示，除数学推理外，所有领域的年级水平都有超过两年的显著提高。结果将在ADD/ADHD儿童功能连接中断概念的背景下进行讨论。
