Health Division, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Paris, France.
Lancet. 2010 Nov 20;376(9754):1775-84. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61514-0. Epub 2010 Nov 10.
The obesity epidemic is spreading to low-income and middle-income countries as a result of new dietary habits and sedentary ways of life, fuelling chronic diseases and premature mortality. In this report we present an assessment of public health strategies designed to tackle behavioural risk factors for chronic diseases that are closely linked with obesity, including aspects of diet and physical inactivity, in Brazil, China, India, Mexico, Russia, and South Africa. England was included for comparative purposes. Several population-based prevention policies can be expected to generate substantial health gains while entirely or largely paying for themselves through future reductions of health-care expenditures. These strategies include health information and communication strategies that improve population awareness about the benefits of healthy eating and physical activity; fiscal measures that increase the price of unhealthy food content or reduce the cost of healthy foods rich in fibre; and regulatory measures that improve nutritional information or restrict the marketing of unhealthy foods to children. A package of measures for the prevention of chronic diseases would deliver substantial health gains, with a very favourable cost-effectiveness profile.
由于新的饮食习惯和久坐不动的生活方式，肥胖症正在蔓延到低收入和中等收入国家，导致慢性病和过早死亡。在本报告中，我们评估了旨在解决与肥胖密切相关的慢性病行为风险因素的公共卫生策略，包括饮食和身体活动不足的各个方面，这些策略在巴西、中国、印度、墨西哥、俄罗斯和南非进行了实施。英国也被包括在内进行比较。几项基于人群的预防政策有望带来巨大的健康收益，同时通过未来减少医疗保健支出，完全或在很大程度上实现自身的收益。这些策略包括改善人口对健康饮食和身体活动益处的认识的健康信息和沟通策略；提高不健康食品含量价格或降低富含纤维的健康食品成本的财政措施；以及改善营养信息或限制向儿童推销不健康食品的监管措施。预防慢性病的一揽子措施将带来巨大的健康收益，具有非常有利的成本效益比。
