Center for Energy and Environment, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Am J Prev Med. 2010 Dec;39(6 Suppl 1):S3-9. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2010.09.012.
Smoking bans in bars and restaurants have been shown to improve worker health and reduce hospital admissions for acute myocardial infarction. Several studies have also reported improved indoor air quality, although these studies generally used single visits before and after a ban for a convenience sample of venues.
The primary objective of this study was to provide detailed time-of-day and day-of-week secondhand smoke-exposure data for representative bars and restaurants in Minnesota.
This study improved on previous approaches by using a statistically representative sample of three venue types (drinking places, limited-service restaurants, and full-service restaurants), conducting repeat visits to the same venue prior to the ban, and matching the day of week and time of day for the before- and after-ban monitoring. The repeat visits included laser photometer fine particulate (PM₂.₅) concentration measurements, lit cigarette counts, and customer counts for 19 drinking places, eight limited-service restaurants, and 35 full-service restaurants in the Minneapolis/St. Paul metropolitan area. The more rigorous design of this study provides improved confidence in the findings and reduces the likelihood of systematic bias.
The median reduction in PM₂.₅ was greater than 95% for all three venue types. Examination of data from repeated visits shows that making only one pre-ban visit to each venue would greatly increase the range of computed percentage reductions and lower the statistical power of pre-post tests. Variations in PM₂.₅ concentrations were found based on time of day and day of week when monitoring occurred.
These comprehensive measurements confirm that smoking bans provide significant reductions in SHS constituents, protecting customers and workers from PM₂.₅ in bars and restaurants.
酒吧和餐馆的禁烟令已被证明可以改善工人健康状况，并减少因急性心肌梗死而住院的人数。多项研究还报告称，室内空气质量有所改善，尽管这些研究通常使用禁令前后对场所的便利样本进行单次访问。
本研究的主要目的是为明尼苏达州具有代表性的酒吧和餐馆提供详细的二手烟暴露时间和工作日数据。
本研究通过使用具有统计学代表性的三种场所类型（饮酒场所、有限服务餐厅和全服务餐厅）的样本、在禁令之前对同一场所进行重复访问，并匹配禁令前后监测的工作日和时间，改进了之前的方法。重复访问包括对 19 家饮酒场所、8 家有限服务餐厅和 35 家全服务餐厅进行激光光度计细颗粒物（PM₂.₅）浓度测量、点燃香烟计数和顾客计数。这项研究更严格的设计提供了对发现结果更有信心，并降低了系统偏差的可能性。
所有三种场所类型的 PM₂.₅中位数减少都超过 95%。对重复访问数据的检查表明，对每个场所仅进行一次禁令前访问，会大大增加计算百分比减少的范围，并降低前后测试的统计能力。在进行监测时，根据一天中的时间和星期几，PM₂.₅浓度存在差异。
这些综合测量证实，禁烟令显著减少了二手烟成分，保护了酒吧和餐馆的顾客和工人免受 PM₂.₅的侵害。
