Department of Developmental Psychology, Utrecht University, PO.Box 80140, 3508 TC Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Res Dev Disabil. 2011 Jan-Feb;32(1):358-70. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2010.10.012. Epub 2010 Nov 13.
A growing interest exists in the measuring of social adaptive functioning in children with mild to borderline intellectual disabilities (MBID), but valid instruments to measure this construct are lacking. The aim of the present study was to develop such an instrument and to examine it on its discriminate validity. In 141 children aged 8-12 years a new test battery was examined in four groups either with MBID, behaviour problems or both, and typically developing peers. The results show that children with either MBID or behaviour problems or both show more hostile intent attributions, set more internal revenge goals, generate more aggressive and fewer assertive responses, feel more confident in inadequate responses en select fewer assertive responses, than their typically developing peers. Children with MBID are characterized by relying on earlier experiences in encoding information, a small response repertoire, positive evaluation of submissive but not assertive responses, and the selection of aggressive responses. In addition, they have more problems with perspective taking, problem recognition, interpretation in general, inhibition, working memory, and emotion recognition, than their typically developing peers. Further, children with MBID and behaviour problems have more difficulties in social information processing when the information in social situations is more complex. It is concluded that the tasks of the test battery can discriminate between groups, and after further development of the material, can be used to obtain information on the competencies and disabilities in social information processing and social cognitive skills, in order to be able to offer adequate treatment to these children.
目前人们对轻度至边缘智力障碍（MBID）儿童社会适应功能的测量越来越感兴趣，但缺乏有效的测量工具来衡量这一结构。本研究的目的是开发这样一种工具，并检验其判别效度。在 141 名 8-12 岁的儿童中，在四个组中检查了一个新的测试电池，这些组要么有 MBID，要么有行为问题，要么同时有 MBID 和行为问题，要么有典型的发展同龄人。结果表明，无论是有 MBID 还是行为问题还是两者兼有，儿童都表现出更具敌意的归因意图，设定更多的内部复仇目标，产生更多的攻击性和更少的果断性反应，在不充分的反应中感到更自信，选择更少的果断性反应，而他们的典型发展同龄人。MBID 儿童的特点是依赖于早期的信息编码经验，反应范围较小，对顺从但不果断的反应给予积极评价，选择攻击性反应。此外，他们在观点采择、问题识别、一般解释、抑制、工作记忆和情绪识别方面比他们的典型同龄人更有问题。此外，当社会情境中的信息更加复杂时，MBID 和行为问题儿童在社会信息处理方面存在更多困难。结论是，测试电池的任务可以区分不同的群体，并且在进一步开发材料后，可以用于获取有关社会信息处理和社会认知技能的能力和障碍的信息，以便为这些儿童提供适当的治疗。
