Bexkens Anika, Jansen Brenda R J, Van der Molen Maurits W, Huizenga Hilde M
Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Weesperplein 4, 1018 XA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
's Heeren Loo Groot Emaus, Groene Allee 46, 3853 JW, Ermelo, Netherlands.
J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2016 Feb;44(2):357-67. doi: 10.1007/s10802-015-9996-8.
Adolescents with Behavior Disorders (BD), Mild-to-Borderline Intellectual Disability (MBID), and with both BD and MBID (BD + MBID) are known to take more risks than normal controls. To examine the processes underlying this increased risk-taking, the present study investigated cool decision-making strategies in 479 adolescents (12-18 years, 55.9 % male) from these four groups. Cool decision-making was assessed with the paper-and-pencil Gambling Machine Task. This task, in combination with advanced latent group analysis, allows for an assessment of decision strategies. Results indicated that adolescents with BD and controls were almost equivalent in their decision-making strategies, whereas adolescents with MBID and adolescents with BD + MBID were characterized by suboptimal decision-making strategies, with only minor differences between these two clinical groups. These findings may have important clinical implications, as they suggest that risk taking in adolescents with MBID and in adolescents with BD + MBID can be (partly) attributed to the strategies that these adolescents use to make their decisions. Interventions may therefore focus on an improvement of these strategies.
患有行为障碍（BD）、轻度至边缘智力障碍（MBID）以及同时患有BD和MBID（BD + MBID）的青少年比正常对照组更容易冒险。为了探究这种冒险行为增加背后的机制，本研究调查了这四组中479名青少年（12 - 18岁，55.9%为男性）的冷静决策策略。通过纸笔形式的赌博机任务评估冷静决策。该任务与先进的潜在群体分析相结合，能够对决策策略进行评估。结果表明，患有BD的青少年和对照组在决策策略上几乎相当，而患有MBID的青少年和患有BD + MBID的青少年的特点是决策策略欠佳，这两个临床组之间仅有细微差异。这些发现可能具有重要的临床意义，因为它们表明患有MBID的青少年和患有BD + MBID的青少年的冒险行为可能（部分）归因于这些青少年用于做决策的策略。因此，干预措施可能侧重于改进这些策略。
