Schmidt Nora B, Vereenooghe Leen
Faculty of Psychology and Sports Science, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany.
Int J Dev Disabil. 2020 Feb 3;68(2):86-101. doi: 10.1080/20473869.2020.1720156. eCollection 2022.
Cognitive bias modification (CBM) is increasingly used to target cognitive biases related to internalising or externalising problems, which are common in neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD). This systematic review assesses the available evidence for using CBM in children and young people with NDD, in particular regarding ambiguous interpersonal information, and the extent of their exclusion from this type of intervention research. PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Science Citation Index were consulted using MeSH terms and synonyms of "neurodevelopmental disorders", "mental health problems", "cognitive bias", "modification" and "review". Data extraction focused on the efficacy of CBM for NDD, how CBM was delivered, whether studies adopted exclusion criteria relating to NDD and the rationale for such criteria. The search identified 2270 records, of which twenty-nine studies assessed CBM for interpretations and were included in the qualitative synthesis. Three studies targeted bias in NDD, whereas a third of studies explicitly excluded participants based on NDD-related criteria: most frequently intellectual impairment, reading or learning difficulties and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Only one study provided a rationale for excluding NDD which related to the reading demands of their intervention. There is tentative evidence for the feasibility of using CBM to reduce interpretation bias in children and young people with mild intellectual disability, ASD or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We recommend that CBM research should consider including participants with NDD, use CBM tasks and adaptations that enable this group's inclusion, or provide a sufficient rationale for their exclusion.
认知偏差矫正（CBM）越来越多地用于针对与内化或外化问题相关的认知偏差，这些问题在神经发育障碍（NDD）中很常见。本系统评价评估了在患有NDD的儿童和青少年中使用CBM的现有证据，特别是关于模糊的人际信息，以及他们被排除在这类干预研究之外的程度。使用“神经发育障碍”“心理健康问题”“认知偏差”“矫正”和“评价”的医学主题词和同义词，检索了心理学文摘数据库（PsycINFO）、心理学全文数据库（PsycARTICLES）、医学期刊数据库（MEDLINE）、考克兰对照试验中心注册库和科学引文索引数据库。数据提取集中在CBM对NDD的疗效、CBM的实施方式、研究是否采用了与NDD相关的排除标准以及此类标准的基本原理。检索共识别出2270条记录，其中29项研究评估了CBM的解释情况并纳入定性综合分析。三项研究针对NDD中的偏差，而三分之一的研究基于与NDD相关的标准明确排除了参与者：最常见的是智力障碍、阅读或学习困难以及自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）。只有一项研究提供了排除NDD的理由，该理由与他们干预措施的阅读要求有关。有初步证据表明，使用CBM减少轻度智力残疾、ASD或注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）儿童和青少年的解释偏差是可行的。我们建议，CBM研究应考虑纳入患有NDD的参与者，使用能够纳入该群体的CBM任务和调整方法，或者为排除他们提供充分的理由。
