中年和老年俄罗斯人饮酒行为中的性别差异。
Gender differences in drinking practices in middle aged and older Russians.
机构信息
Division of Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, Burton Street, Nottingham, UK.
出版信息
Alcohol Alcohol. 2010 Nov-Dec;45(6):573-80. doi: 10.1093/alcalc/agq069.
AIMS
The study investigated gender differences in drinking patterns and the reasons behind them among men and women in the Russian city of Novosibirsk.
METHODS
A mixed method, combining quantitative and qualitative data, was conducted based on the Health, Alcohol and Psychosocial factors In Eastern Europe cohort study. The quantitative study included 4268 men and 5094 women aged 45-69 years; of those, 20 men and 24 women completed an in-depth interview.
RESULTS
The quantitative data revealed a large gap in drinking patterns in general between genders. Women drank less often and much smaller quantities than that of men. For example, 19% of men, vs. 1% of women, were classified as problem drinkers (two or more positive answers on the CAGE questionnaire). These differences were not explained by socioeconomic factors. Qualitative data have shown that gender roles and a traditional culture around women's and men's drinking were the main reasons for the reported drinking behaviour, whereby women were consistently expected to drink much less than men in terms of preference for strong beverages, drinking frequency and quantity of alcohol consumed.
CONCLUSION
The study confirmed that large differences exist between Russian men's and women's drinking; these differences may be largely explained by gender roles.
目的
本研究旨在调查俄罗斯新西伯利亚市男性和女性饮酒模式及其背后原因的性别差异。
方法
该研究采用定量和定性数据相结合的混合方法，基于健康、酒精和心理社会因素在东欧队列研究。定量研究包括 4268 名 45-69 岁的男性和 5094 名女性；其中，20 名男性和 24 名女性完成了深入访谈。
结果
定量数据显示，总体上男女饮酒模式存在很大差距。女性饮酒频率和饮酒量均明显低于男性。例如，19%的男性被归类为问题饮酒者（CAGE 问卷有两个或更多阳性答案），而女性只有 1%。这些差异不能用社会经济因素来解释。定性数据表明，性别角色和围绕男女饮酒的传统文化是报告的饮酒行为的主要原因，女性在对烈酒的偏好、饮酒频率和饮酒量方面一直被期望比男性少得多。
结论
本研究证实，俄罗斯男性和女性的饮酒存在很大差异；这些差异可能在很大程度上可以用性别角色来解释。
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