Len T K, Neary J P
Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology and Health Studies, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada.
Clin Physiol Funct Imaging. 2011 Mar;31(2):85-93. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-097X.2010.00990.x. Epub 2010 Nov 15.
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) or sport-induced concussion has recently become a prominent concern not only in the athletic setting (i.e. sports venue) but also in the general population. The majority of research to date has aimed at understanding the neurological and neuropsychological outcomes of injury as well as return-to-play guidelines. Remaining relatively unexamined has been the pathophysiological aspect of mTBI. Recent technological advances including transcranial Doppler ultrasound and near infrared spectroscopy have allowed researchers to examine the systemic effects of mTBI from rest to exercise, and during both asymptomatic and symptomatic conditions. In this review, we focus on the current research available from both human and experimental (animal) studies surrounding the pathophysiology of mTBI. First, the quest for a unified definition of mTBI, its historical development and implications for future research is discussed. Finally, the impact of mTBI on the control and regulation of cerebral blood flow, cerebrovascular reactivity, cerebral oxygenation and neuroautonomic cardiovascular regulation, all of which may be compromised with mTBI, is discussed.
轻度创伤性脑损伤（mTBI）或运动引起的脑震荡最近不仅在体育环境（即运动场馆）中，而且在普通人群中都成为了一个突出的问题。迄今为止，大多数研究旨在了解损伤的神经学和神经心理学结果以及重返比赛指南。mTBI的病理生理学方面相对较少受到研究。包括经颅多普勒超声和近红外光谱在内的最新技术进展使研究人员能够研究mTBI从静息到运动以及在无症状和有症状情况下的全身影响。在这篇综述中，我们关注围绕mTBI病理生理学的人体和实验（动物）研究的现有研究。首先，讨论了对mTBI统一定义的探索、其历史发展及其对未来研究的影响。最后，讨论了mTBI对脑血流的控制和调节、脑血管反应性、脑氧合和神经自主心血管调节的影响，所有这些在mTBI中都可能受到损害。
