Department of Microbiology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
Nat Rev Microbiol. 2010 Dec;8(12):849-56. doi: 10.1038/nrmicro2472.
Mistranslation broadly encompasses the introduction of errors during any step of protein synthesis, leading to the incorporation of an amino acid that is different from the one encoded by the gene. Recent research has vastly enhanced our understanding of the mechanisms that control mistranslation at the molecular level and has led to the discovery that the rates of mistranslation in vivo are not fixed but instead are variable. In this Review we describe the different steps in translation quality control and their variations under different growth conditions and between species though a comparison of in vitro and in vivo findings. This provides new insights as to why mistranslation can have both positive and negative effects on growth and viability.
广义的错译包括在蛋白质合成的任何步骤中引入错误，导致掺入与基因编码的氨基酸不同的氨基酸。最近的研究极大地提高了我们对控制分子水平错译的机制的理解，并发现体内错译的速率不是固定的，而是可变的。在这篇综述中，我们通过比较体外和体内的发现，描述了翻译质量控制的不同步骤及其在不同生长条件下和不同物种间的变化。这为错译如何对生长和存活产生正反两方面的影响提供了新的见解。
