Stanford University, The Bio-X Program, Clark Center, 318 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA,
Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol. 2011;124:21-54. doi: 10.1007/10_2010_83.
Growing awareness of heterogeneity in cells of microbial populations has emphasized the importance of advanced microscopy for visualization and understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying cell-to-cell variation. In this review, we highlight some of the recent advances in confocal microscopy, super-resolution optical microscopy (STED, SIM, PALM) as well as atomic force microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Using examples of bistability in microbial populations as well as biofilm development and differentiation in bacterial and yeast consortia, we demonstrate the importance of microscopy for visualization of variation between cells in phenotypic traits such as gene expression.
人们越来越意识到微生物群体中细胞的异质性，这强调了先进显微镜技术在可视化和理解细胞间变异的分子机制方面的重要性。在这篇综述中，我们强调了共聚焦显微镜、超高分辨率光学显微镜（STED、SIM、PALM）以及原子力显微镜和拉曼光谱学的一些最新进展。通过微生物群体中的双稳定性以及细菌和酵母群落中的生物膜形成和分化的例子，我们展示了显微镜在可视化细胞间表型特征（如基因表达）差异方面的重要性。
