Rhyne Paul W, Wong Oi T, Zhang Yan J, Weiner Russell S
Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bioanalytical Sciences, Route 206 and Province Line Rd, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA.
Bioanalysis. 2009 Aug;1(5):919-35. doi: 10.4155/bio.09.80.
The discovery of electrochemiluminescence (ECL) and its development as a means of detection is truly a success story. Although studies describing ECL were published in the early 1960s, most studies using ECL as a means of detection were not widely published until the mid 1990s. Incorporating ECL into assays provides increased sensitivity, several logs of dynamic range and the ability to electronically control the reaction. These characteristics provide advantages over assays that rely on radioisotopic labels, fluorescence and enzymatic activity. There have been many areas of science that have benefited from the use of ECL, including environmental microbiology, virology, neurobiology, molecular biology and immunology. ECL has improved the understanding and treatment of infectious diseases, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases and even sleep apnea disorders. Drug development has also benefited from ECL via improved assessment of pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics and determining immune responses against protein-based therapeutics. This review provides an overview of ECL chemistry and principles with a more detailed emphasis on the applications of ECL-based assays in different areas of science and medicine. The primary purpose of this review is to provide an in-depth discussion of the impact that ECL-based analysis has had on microbiology, immunology, virology, neurodegenerative diseases, molecular biology and drug development. Examples of ECL-based bioanalysis in each of these fields are discussed in conjunction with an overview of ECL principles and instrumentation.
电化学发光（ECL）的发现及其作为一种检测手段的发展堪称一部成功史。尽管描述ECL的研究在20世纪60年代初就已发表，但直到20世纪90年代中期，大多数将ECL用作检测手段的研究才广泛发表。将ECL纳入分析方法可提高灵敏度、增加几个数量级的动态范围，并具备对反应进行电子控制的能力。这些特性相较于依赖放射性同位素标记、荧光和酶活性的分析方法具有优势。科学的诸多领域都受益于ECL的应用，包括环境微生物学、病毒学、神经生物学、分子生物学和免疫学。ECL增进了对传染病、癌症、神经退行性疾病乃至睡眠呼吸暂停障碍的理解与治疗。药物研发也因ECL在药效学、药代动力学评估以及确定针对基于蛋白质的治疗药物的免疫反应方面的改进而受益。本综述概述了ECL化学和原理，并更详细地着重介绍了基于ECL的分析方法在不同科学和医学领域的应用。本综述的主要目的是深入讨论基于ECL的分析对微生物学、免疫学、病毒学、神经退行性疾病、分子生物学和药物研发的影响。结合ECL原理和仪器概述，讨论了这些领域中基于ECL的生物分析实例。
