Wille Sarah M R, Ramírez-Fernandez Maria Del Mar, Samyn Nele, De Boeck Gert
National Institute of Criminalistics & Criminology, Laboratory of Toxicology, Vilvoordsesteenweg 100, 1120 Brussels, Belgium.
Bioanalysis. 2010 Apr;2(4):791-806. doi: 10.4155/bio.10.29.
In the past decade much research concerning the impact of cannabis use on road safety has been conducted. More specifically, studies on effects of cannabis smoking on driving performance, as well as epidemiological studies and cannabis-detection techniques have been published. As a result, several countries have adopted driving under the influence of drugs (DUID) legislations, with varying approaches worldwide. A wide variety of bodily fluids have been utilized to determine the presence of cannabis. Urine and blood are the most widely used matrices for DUID legislations. However, more and more publications focus on the usability of oral fluid testing for this purpose. Each matrix provides different information about time and extent of use and likelihood of impairment. This review will focus on the practical aspects of implying a DUID legislation. The pros and cons of the different biological matrices used for Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol screening and quantification will be discussed. In addition, a literature overview concerning (roadside) cannabinoid detection, as well as laboratory confirmation techniques is given. Finally, we will discuss important issues influencing interpretation of these data, such as oral fluid collection, choice of cut-offs, stability and proficiency testing.
在过去十年里，已经开展了许多关于大麻使用对道路安全影响的研究。更具体地说，关于吸食大麻对驾驶性能影响的研究、流行病学研究以及大麻检测技术都已发表。因此，几个国家已经通过了药物影响下驾驶（DUID）的立法，全球各地的做法各不相同。各种各样的体液已被用于确定大麻的存在。尿液和血液是DUID立法中使用最广泛的样本基质。然而，越来越多的出版物关注口腔液检测在此方面的可用性。每种样本基质都提供了关于使用时间、使用程度以及损害可能性的不同信息。本综述将聚焦于实施DUID立法的实际方面。将讨论用于Δ(9)-四氢大麻酚筛查和定量的不同生物样本基质的优缺点。此外，还给出了有关（路边）大麻素检测以及实验室确认技术的文献综述。最后，我们将讨论影响这些数据解读的重要问题，如口腔液采集、临界值的选择、稳定性和能力验证。
