Federal Public Service Justice, National Institute of Criminalistics and Criminology, Vilvoordsesteenweg 100, Brussels, Belgium.
Forensic Sci Int. 2010 May 20;198(1-3):2-6. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2009.10.012. Epub 2009 Nov 12.
Driving under the influence of drugs is a major problem worldwide. At the moment, several countries have adopted a 'per se' legislation to address this problem. One of the key elements in the enforcement process is the possibility of rapid on-site screening tests to take immediate administrative measures. In this study, the reliability of three oral fluid screening devices (Mavand RapidSTAT, Securetec Drugwipe-5(+), and Dräger DrugTest 5000) was assessed by comparing their on-site results with confirmatory GC-MS plasma analysis. Our results demonstrate that for amphetamine screening, the oral fluid on-site devices on the market today are certainly sensitive enough. RapidSTAT, Drugwipe-5(+), and DrugTest 5000 demonstrated respectively a sensitivity of 93%, 100% and 92% for amphetamine/MDMA. For cocaine screening, sensitivities of 75%, 78% and 67% were obtained for the RapidSTAT, Drugwipe-5(+), and DrugTest 5000 devices, respectively. The studied devices were able to detect about 70% of all cannabis users in a roadside setting. However, a newer version of the DrugTest 5000 test cassette demonstrated a sensitivity of 93%, indicating an increased detection of Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol using 'new generation' oral fluid screening tests with lowered cut-offs. Due to these promising results police officers and judicial experts are keen to use oral fluid screening devices. They believe that their ease of use and diminished amount of false positive results in comparison with urine screening will lead to more roadside tests and more appropriate juridical measures.
在全球范围内，药物影响下的驾驶是一个主要问题。目前，一些国家已经采用了“本身违法”的立法来解决这个问题。执法过程中的一个关键要素是有可能进行快速现场筛选测试，以便立即采取行政措施。在这项研究中，通过将现场结果与确认性 GC-MS 血浆分析进行比较，评估了三种唾液筛选设备（Mavand RapidSTAT、Securetec Drugwipe-5(+)和 Dräger DrugTest 5000）的可靠性。我们的研究结果表明，目前市场上的唾液现场检测设备对于安非他命检测非常敏感。RapidSTAT、Drugwipe-5(+)和 DrugTest 5000 对安非他命/MDMA 的灵敏度分别为 93%、100%和 92%。对于可卡因检测，RapidSTAT、Drugwipe-5(+)和 DrugTest 5000 设备的灵敏度分别为 75%、78%和 67%。研究中的设备能够在路边环境中检测到大约 70%的所有大麻使用者。然而，一种新型的 DrugTest 5000 检测盒的灵敏度为 93%，表明使用“新一代”唾液筛选测试并降低检测限，可以提高对 Delta(9)-四氢大麻酚的检测。由于这些有希望的结果，警察和司法专家热衷于使用唾液筛选设备。他们认为，与尿液筛选相比，这些设备易于使用，假阳性结果减少，这将导致更多的路边测试和更合适的司法措施。
