Community Guide Branch of the Epidemiology and Analysis Program Office, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Am J Prev Med. 2010 Dec;39(6):590-604. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2010.09.016.
Local, state, and national policies that limit the hours that alcoholic beverages may be available for sale might be a means of reducing excessive alcohol consumption and related harms. The methods of the Guide to Community Preventive Services were used to synthesize scientific evidence on the effectiveness of such policies. All of the studies included in this review assessed the effects of increasing hours of sale in on-premises settings (in which alcoholic beverages are consumed where purchased) in high-income nations. None of the studies was conducted in the U.S. The review team's initial assessment of this evidence suggested that changes of less than 2 hours were unlikely to significantly affect excessive alcohol consumption and related harms; to explore this hypothesis, studies assessing the effects of changing hours of sale by less than 2 hours and by 2 or more hours were assessed separately. There was sufficient evidence in ten qualifying studies to conclude that increasing hours of sale by 2 or more hours increases alcohol-related harms. Thus, disallowing extensions of hours of alcohol sales by 2 or more should be expected to prevent alcohol-related harms, while policies decreasing hours of sale by 2 hours or more at on-premises alcohol outlets may be an effective strategy for preventing alcohol-related harms. The evidence from six qualifying studies was insufficient to determine whether increasing hours of sale by less than 2 hours increases excessive alcohol consumption and related harms.
地方、州和国家政策限制酒类销售时间，可能是减少过度饮酒和相关危害的一种手段。本研究采用社区预防服务指南的方法综合了此类政策有效性的科学证据。本综述中包含的所有研究都评估了在高收入国家增加场所内（即购买即消费酒类的地方）销售时间的影响。这些研究均未在美国开展。审查小组对这一证据的初步评估表明，销售时间的变化小于 2 小时不太可能显著影响过度饮酒和相关危害；为了探讨这一假设，分别评估了销售时间变化小于 2 小时和 2 小时或更长时间的研究的影响。在十项符合条件的研究中有足够的证据得出结论，即增加 2 小时或更长时间的销售时间会增加与酒精相关的危害。因此，禁止延长 2 小时或更长时间的酒类销售时间有望防止与酒精相关的危害，而减少 2 小时或更长时间的场所内酒类销售时间的政策可能是预防与酒精相关危害的有效策略。六项符合条件的研究的证据不足以确定销售时间增加不到 2 小时是否会增加过度饮酒和相关危害。
