Community Guide Branch, Epidemiology and Analysis Program Office, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Am J Prev Med. 2010 Dec;39(6):575-89. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2010.09.015.
Local, state, and national laws and policies that limit the days of the week on which alcoholic beverages may be sold may be a means of reducing excessive alcohol consumption and related harms. The methods of the Guide to Community Preventive Services were used to synthesize scientific evidence on the effectiveness for preventing excessive alcohol consumption and related harms of laws and policies maintaining or reducing the days when alcoholic beverages may be sold. Outcomes assessed in 14 studies that met qualifying criteria were excessive alcohol consumption and alcohol-related harms, including motor vehicle injuries and deaths, violence-related and other injuries, and health conditions. Qualifying studies assessed the effects of changes in days of sale in both on-premises settings (at which alcoholic beverages are consumed where purchased) and off-premises settings (at which alcoholic beverages may not be consumed where purchased). Eleven studies assessed the effects of adding days of sale, and three studies assessed the effects of imposing a ban on sales on a given weekend day. The evidence from these studies indicated that increasing days of sale leads to increases in excessive alcohol consumption and alcohol-related harms and that reducing the number of days that alcoholic beverages are sold generally decreases alcohol-related harms. Based on these findings, when the expansion of days of sale is being considered, laws and policies maintaining the number of days of the week that alcoholic beverages are sold at on- and off-premises outlets in local, state, and national jurisdictions are effective public health strategies for preventing excessive alcohol consumption and related harms.
地方、州和国家的法律和政策限制了每周可以销售含酒精饮料的天数，这可能是减少过度饮酒和相关危害的一种手段。采用《社区预防服务指南》的方法综合了关于维持或减少含酒精饮料销售天数的法律和政策对预防过度饮酒和相关危害的有效性的科学证据。符合资格标准的 14 项研究评估了过度饮酒和与酒精相关的危害等结果，包括机动车伤害和死亡、暴力相关和其他伤害以及健康状况。符合条件的研究评估了在店内（在购买点消费含酒精饮料的地方）和店外（在购买点不能消费含酒精饮料的地方）销售天数变化的影响。11 项研究评估了增加销售天数的影响，3 项研究评估了在特定周末禁止销售的影响。这些研究的证据表明，增加销售天数会导致过度饮酒和与酒精相关的危害增加，而减少销售含酒精饮料的天数通常会减少与酒精相关的危害。基于这些发现，在考虑扩大销售天数时，维持地方、州和国家司法管辖区内店内和店外销售含酒精饮料的天数的法律和政策是预防过度饮酒和相关危害的有效公共卫生策略。
