Anisimov Vladimir N
Department of Carcinogenesis and Oncogerontology, N.N. Petrov Research Institute of Oncology, St. Petersburg 197758, Russia.
Aging (Albany NY). 2010 Nov;2(11):760-74. doi: 10.18632/aging.100230.
Studies in mammals have led to the suggestion that hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia are important factors in aging. Insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) signaling molecules that have been linked to longevity include daf-2 and InR and their homologues in mammals, and inactivation of the corresponding genes increases life span in nematodes, fruit flies and mice. It is possible that the life-prolonging effect of caloric restriction is due to decreasing IGF-1 levels. Evidence has emerged that antidiabetic drugs are promising candidates for both life span extension and prevention of cancer. Thus, antidiabetic drugs postpone spontaneous carcinogenesis in mice and rats, as well as chemical and radiation carcinogenesis in mice, rats and hamsters. Furthermore metformin seems to decrease cancer risk in diabetic patients.
对哺乳动物的研究表明，高血糖和高胰岛素血症是衰老的重要因素。与长寿相关的胰岛素/胰岛素样生长因子1（IGF-1）信号分子包括秀丽隐杆线虫中的daf-2和果蝇中的InR及其在哺乳动物中的同源物，相应基因的失活可延长线虫、果蝇和小鼠的寿命。热量限制的延寿作用可能是由于IGF-1水平降低。有证据表明，抗糖尿病药物有望用于延长寿命和预防癌症。因此，抗糖尿病药物可延缓小鼠和大鼠的自发癌变，以及小鼠、大鼠和仓鼠的化学和辐射致癌。此外，二甲双胍似乎可降低糖尿病患者的癌症风险。
