Faculté de médecine, CRCHUM (Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal), Department of Social & Preventive Medicine, and Centre de recherche Léa-Roback sur les inégalités sociales de santé de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Pavillon 1420 boul. Mont-Royal, Québec, Canada H2V 4P3.
Soc Sci Med. 2011 Feb;72(3):430-8. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.09.039. Epub 2010 Oct 15.
In light of geographical and epidemiological research suggesting that the socioeconomic environment beyond the family may influence children's physical activity, this study investigated the extent to which neighbourhood socioeconomic conditions predict change in physical activity from ages 10 through 15 years, controlling for the attributes of the individual child and family. Data came from 889 children participating in the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development cohort study. Accelerometers measured Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity (MVPA) during the week and weekend, when the children were aged 10, 11, and 15 years. Selected US census block variables were used to create 'independent' area measures of economic deprivation and social fragmentation scores for child's area of residence at age 10 years. Also, parents' perception of neighbourhood social cohesion was measured in terms of relationships with neighbours. All analyses controlled for participant characteristics: gender, ethnicity, household income-to-needs ratio, maternal education, and for United States region of residence. Growth curve analyses indicated that whereas social fragmentation did not predict MVPA over time, greater area deprivation at age 10 years was associated with lower weekday MVPA for boys at 10 years (β=-0.5, p=0.03) and these differences persisted to age 11 and 15 years. This relationship was reversed for girls. Weekend MVPA was not significantly associated with the level of deprivation in the place of residence at age 10 years. Although the census measure of social fragmentation in the area of residence showed no significant association with MVPA, parent-reported neighbourhood social cohesion was positively associated with weekday (β=2.0, p<0.01) and weekend (β=3.1, p<0.01) MVPA minutes across time. This association was most pronounced for boys. Area level factors may be determinants of physical activity among children and youth in complex ways and parental perception of area social environment may be as important for children's activity levels as 'independently assessed' socioeconomic conditions.
鉴于地理和流行病学研究表明，家庭以外的社会经济环境可能会影响儿童的身体活动，本研究调查了邻里社会经济条件在多大程度上可以预测儿童从 10 岁到 15 岁的身体活动变化，同时控制了个体儿童和家庭的特征。数据来自于参加国家儿童健康与人类发展研究所早期儿童保育和青年发展队列研究的 889 名儿童。加速度计在儿童 10、11 和 15 岁时测量了周内和周末的中等到剧烈身体活动（MVPA）。选择了美国人口普查块变量，为儿童 10 岁时居住的区域创建了“独立”的经济剥夺和社会碎片化区域衡量标准。此外，父母对邻里社会凝聚力的看法是通过与邻居的关系来衡量的。所有分析均控制了参与者的特征：性别、种族、家庭收入与需求比、母亲教育程度以及居住的美国地区。增长曲线分析表明，尽管社会碎片化并不能预测随时间推移的 MVPA，但 10 岁时更大的区域剥夺程度与男孩 10 岁时的工作日 MVPA 较低有关（β=-0.5，p=0.03），这种差异持续到 11 岁和 15 岁。对于女孩来说，这种关系是相反的。周末 MVPA 与 10 岁时居住地的贫困程度没有显著关联。尽管居住区域的人口普查社会碎片化衡量标准与 MVPA 没有显著关联，但父母报告的邻里社会凝聚力与周内（β=2.0，p<0.01）和周末（β=3.1，p<0.01）MVPA 分钟数呈正相关。这种关联在男孩中最为明显。区域水平因素可能以复杂的方式成为儿童和青少年身体活动的决定因素，而父母对区域社会环境的看法对于儿童的活动水平可能与“独立评估”的社会经济条件一样重要。
