Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences-BV, Uppsala University, Uppsala Science Park, SE-75185 Uppsala, Sweden.
Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2012 Mar;22(3):176-81. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2010.07.011. Epub 2010 Nov 18.
Two Amerindian populations--Shuar women living in the Amazonian rain forest under traditional conditions and urbanized women in a suburb of Lima were studied. The fatty acid composition in plasma lipids and the relationships between fatty acid composition and metabolic variables were studied, as well as in a reference group of Swedish women.
Fasting plasma was used for analyses of glucose, insulin, leptin and fatty acid composition. Women in Lima had more body fat, higher fasting insulin and leptin and lower insulin sensitivity than the Shuar women, who had insulin sensitivity similar to Swedish women. Shuar women had very high proportions (mean; SD) of palmitoleic (13.2; 3.9%) and oleic (33.9; 3.7%) acids in the plasma cholesteryl esters with very low levels of linoleic acid (29.1; 6.1 3%), as expected on a low fat, high carbohydrate diet. The estimated activity of delta 9 (SCD-1) desaturase was about twice as high in the Shuar compared with Lima women, suggesting neo lipogenesis, while the delta 5 desaturase activity did not differ. The Lima women, as well as the Swedish, showed strong positive correlations between SCD-1 activity on the one hand and fasting insulin and HOMA index on the other. These associations were absent in the Shuar women.
The high SCD-1 activity in the Shuar women may reflect increased lipogenesis in adipose tissue. It also illustrates how a low fat diet rich in non-refined carbohydrates can be linked to a good metabolic situation.
对生活在亚马逊雨林传统环境下的沙乌阿族女性和利马郊区的城市化女性这两个美洲印第安人群体进行了研究。我们研究了血浆脂质中的脂肪酸组成，以及脂肪酸组成与代谢变量之间的关系，并与瑞典女性的参考组进行了比较。
禁食血浆用于分析葡萄糖、胰岛素、瘦素和脂肪酸组成。与沙乌阿族女性相比，利马的女性体脂更多、空腹胰岛素和瘦素水平更高、胰岛素敏感性更低，而沙乌阿族女性的胰岛素敏感性与瑞典女性相似。沙乌阿族女性的血浆胆固醇酯中棕榈油酸（13.2；3.9%）和油酸（33.9；3.7%）比例非常高，而亚油酸（29.1；6.1 3%）比例非常低，这在低脂、高碳水化合物的饮食中是可以预期的。与利马女性相比，沙乌阿族女性的 delta 9（SCD-1）去饱和酶活性估计高出约两倍，表明存在新的脂肪生成，而 delta 5 去饱和酶活性没有差异。利马女性以及瑞典女性的 SCD-1 活性与空腹胰岛素和 HOMA 指数之间存在强烈的正相关。而这些关联在沙乌阿族女性中不存在。
沙乌阿族女性中 SCD-1 活性较高可能反映了脂肪组织中脂肪生成增加。这也说明了富含非精制碳水化合物的低脂肪饮食如何与良好的代谢状况相关联。
