Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2011 Feb;23(1):4-13. doi: 10.1016/j.ceb.2010.10.007. Epub 2010 Nov 17.
In cells the de novo nucleation of actin filaments from monomers requires actin-nucleating proteins. These fall into three main families--the Arp2/3 complex and its nucleation promoting factors (NPFs), formins, and tandem-monomer-binding nucleators. In this review, we highlight recent advances in understanding the molecular mechanism of actin nucleation by both well-characterized and newly identified nucleators, and explore current insights into their cellular functions in membrane trafficking, cell migration and division. The mechanisms and functions of actin nucleators are proving to be more complex than previously considered, with extensive cooperation and overlap in their cellular roles.
在细胞中，从头开始从单体中形成肌动蛋白丝需要肌动蛋白成核蛋白。这些蛋白分为三个主要家族——Arp2/3 复合物及其成核促进因子 (NPF)、formin 以及串联单体结合成核因子。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了近年来对已充分研究和新鉴定的成核因子在肌动蛋白成核分子机制的理解的进展，并探讨了它们在膜运输、细胞迁移和分裂中的细胞功能的最新见解。肌动蛋白成核因子的机制和功能比之前认为的要复杂得多，它们在细胞功能中存在广泛的合作和重叠。
