Autoliv Research, Vårgårda, Sweden.
Accid Anal Prev. 2011 Jan;43(1):25-33. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2010.04.003. Epub 2010 Sep 15.
The aim of this review was to evaluate all studies of pedestrian fatality risk as a function of car impact speed. Relevant papers were primarily investigated with respect to data sampling procedures and methods for statistical analysis. It was uniformly reported that fatality risk increased monotonically with car impact speed. However, the absolute risk estimates varied considerably. Without exceptions, papers written before 2000 were based on direct analyses of data that had a large bias towards severe and fatal injuries. The consequence was to overestimate the fatality risks. We also found more recent research based on less biased data or adjusted for bias. While still showing a steep increase of risk with impact speed, these later papers provided substantially lower risk estimates than had been previously reported.
本次综述的目的是评估所有行人死亡风险作为汽车碰撞速度函数的研究。主要研究了相关论文的数据采样程序和统计分析方法。一致的报告表明，死亡风险随着汽车碰撞速度的增加而单调增加。然而，绝对风险估计值差异很大。无一例外，2000 年以前发表的论文都是基于对有严重和致命伤害的大偏差数据的直接分析。结果是高估了死亡风险。我们还发现了更多基于无偏差数据或对偏差进行调整的最新研究。虽然这些后来的论文仍然显示出风险随碰撞速度的急剧增加，但与之前报道的风险估计值相比，它们提供的风险估计值要低得多。
