NSW Injury Risk Management Research Centre, UNSW, Australia.
Accid Anal Prev. 2010 Nov;42(6):1705-11. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2010.04.010. Epub 2010 May 14.
The study explores trends in severe and fatal child pedestrian injuries in New South Wales (NSW), over the 10-year period 1997-2006, in comparison to adults and for various subgroups. Data on pedestrian injury (reported as fatalities or hospitalisations) were obtained from the Traffic Accident Database System (TADS; Roads and Traffic Authority of New South Wales) which captures road traffic events reported to police, and from the NSW Admitted Patients Data Collection (APDC) which captures all hospital inpatient separations. Annual percentage changes in injury counts and rates were compared using Poisson regression. A substantial drop in the pedestrian injury rate was observed; however, the rate of decline was steeper for children (aged less than 15 years) than for adults. The drop in child pedestrian injury was manifest in both the police report data and the hospital admission data. The annual percentage decrease was significantly greater for boys than for girls, and the three major urban centres compared with elsewhere in the state. No differences were detected in the annual rate decrease between school days and non-school days (a proxy for safe school zones), or between different road types (a proxy for restricted speed limits). Past research suggests that injury rate reductions are not solely due to decreased exposure. There remains, however, limited data on the extent of pedestrian mobility. Differences in relative reduction in pedestrian injury rates suggest a differential benefit arising from road safety initiatives.
本研究旨在探讨 1997 年至 2006 年十年间新南威尔士州（NSW）严重和致命儿童行人伤害的趋势，并与成年人以及各亚组进行比较。行人伤害数据（以死亡或住院报告）来自道路交通事件数据库系统（TADS；新南威尔士州道路和交通管理局），该系统捕获向警方报告的道路交通事件，以及新南威尔士州住院病人数据采集系统（APDC），该系统捕获所有住院病人的分离情况。使用泊松回归比较伤害计数和发生率的年百分比变化。观察到行人伤害率大幅下降；然而，儿童（15 岁以下）的下降速度快于成年人。儿童行人伤害的下降在警方报告数据和医院入院数据中都有体现。男孩的年百分比下降明显大于女孩，三大城市中心的降幅大于该州其他地区。在上学日和非上学日（安全学区的代理）或不同道路类型（限速代理）之间，未检测到年度费率下降的差异。过去的研究表明，伤害率的降低不仅仅是由于接触减少所致。然而，关于行人移动范围的数据仍然有限。行人伤害率相对降低的差异表明，道路安全措施带来了不同的益处。
