Department of Urology, University of California at San Francisco, 400 Parnassus Avenue, Suite A-660, San Francisco, CA 94143-0738, USA.
Med Clin North Am. 2011 Jan;95(1):129-51. doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2010.08.017.
Although lifespan has dramatically improved in the human immunodeficiency virus-positive (HIV+) population, HIV and its treatment continue to be a source of substantial morbidity in many organ systems, including the genitourinary tract. As the number of long-term survivors increases with advances in antiretroviral therapy, age-associated urologic symptoms are also becoming increasingly relevant considerations for people living with HIV. Primary care physicians have a major role to play in maintaining the genitourinary health of their HIV+ patients. This role is of great importance not just for the well-being of the individual patient but for the public health, as the genitourinary tract is a common vector for HIV transmission. In this article the authors review the management of the genitourinary system in patients with HIV infection. Particular consideration is given to urinary tract infections, lower urinary tract symptoms, renal insufficiency, sexual and fertility problems, and cancers of the genitourinary tract. Management algorithms are outlined and indications for referral to a urologist are emphasized.
虽然人类免疫缺陷病毒阳性（HIV+）人群的寿命显著延长，但 HIV 及其治疗仍然是许多器官系统（包括泌尿生殖系统）发生重大疾病的根源。随着抗逆转录病毒治疗的进步，长期存活者的数量不断增加，与年龄相关的泌尿系统症状也成为 HIV 感染者越来越重要的考虑因素。初级保健医生在维持 HIV+患者的泌尿生殖健康方面发挥着重要作用。这一角色不仅对个体患者的健康至关重要，而且对公共卫生也至关重要，因为泌尿生殖系统是 HIV 传播的常见载体。本文作者回顾了 HIV 感染患者泌尿生殖系统的管理。特别考虑了尿路感染、下尿路症状、肾功能不全、性和生育问题以及泌尿生殖系统癌症。概述了管理算法，并强调了转介泌尿科医生的指征。
