London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK.
Dermatol Clin. 2011 Jan;29(1):125-8. doi: 10.1016/j.det.2010.08.016.
Coinfection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has a major effect on the natural history of many infectious diseases, particularly mycobacterial diseases. Early in the HIV epidemic, it was predicted that HIV infection would worsen leprosy outcomes, with more patients developing lepromatous disease, an impaired response to multidrug therapy and fewer reactions. However, studies on the epidemiologic and clinical aspects of leprosy suggest that the course of leprosy in coinfected patients has not been greatly altered by HIV. In contrast, initiation of antiretroviral treatment has been reported to be associated with activation of subclinical Mycobacterium leprae infection and exacerbation of existing leprosy lesions. With regular new discoveries about the interaction of leprosy and HIV, the need to maintain research in this field is of considerable importance.
人免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）合并感染对许多传染病（尤其是分枝杆菌疾病）的自然史有重大影响。在艾滋病流行早期，人们曾预测 HIV 感染会使麻风病的结局恶化，表现为更多患者出现瘤型麻风、对多药治疗的反应受损以及出现反应的患者减少。然而，关于麻风病的流行病学和临床方面的研究表明，HIV 并未使合并感染患者的麻风病病程发生重大改变。相反，据报道，抗逆转录病毒治疗的启动与潜伏性麻风分枝杆菌感染的激活以及现有麻风病变的恶化有关。随着对麻风病和 HIV 相互作用的不断有新发现，在该领域开展研究非常重要。
