Department of Biology, University of North Carolina Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA.
Oncogene. 2011 Mar 24;30(12):1449-59. doi: 10.1038/onc.2010.526. Epub 2010 Nov 22.
Increased motility and invasiveness of pancreatic cancer cells are associated with epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). Snai1 and Slug are zinc-finger transcription factors that trigger this process by repressing E-cadherin and enhancing vimentin and N-cadherin protein expression. However, the mechanisms that regulate this activation in pancreatic tumors remain elusive. MUC1, a transmembrane mucin glycoprotein, is associated with the most invasive forms of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDA). In this study, we show that over expression of MUC1 in pancreatic cancer cells triggers the molecular process of EMT, which translates to increased invasiveness and metastasis. EMT was significantly reduced when MUC1 was genetically deleted in a mouse model of PDA or when all seven tyrosines in the cytoplasmic tail of MUC1 were mutated to phenylalanine (mutated MUC1 CT). Using proteomics, RT-PCR and western blotting, we revealed a significant increase in vimentin, Slug and Snail expression with repression of E-Cadherin in MUC1-expressing cells compared with cells expressing the mutated MUC1 CT. In the cells that carried the mutated MUC1 CT, MUC1 failed to co-immunoprecipitate with β-catenin and translocate to the nucleus, thereby blocking transcription of the genes associated with EMT and metastasis. Thus, functional tyrosines are critical in stimulating the interactions between MUC1 and β-catenin and their nuclear translocation to initiate the process of EMT. This study signifies the oncogenic role of MUC1 CT and is the first to identify a direct role of the MUC1 in initiating EMT during pancreatic cancer. The data may have implications in future design of MUC1-targeted therapies for pancreatic cancer.
胰腺癌细胞的运动性和侵袭性增加与上皮间质转化(EMT)有关。Snai1 和 Slug 是锌指转录因子,通过抑制 E-钙黏蛋白和增强波形蛋白和 N-钙黏蛋白蛋白表达来触发此过程。然而,调节胰腺肿瘤中这种激活的机制仍不清楚。MUC1 是一种跨膜黏蛋白糖蛋白,与最具侵袭性的胰腺导管腺癌(PDA)形式有关。在这项研究中,我们表明,在胰腺癌细胞中过度表达 MUC1 会触发 EMT 的分子过程,从而导致侵袭性和转移增加。在 PDA 的小鼠模型中遗传删除 MUC1 或突变 MUC1 胞质尾中的七个酪氨酸为苯丙氨酸(突变 MUC1 CT)时,EMT 显着降低。使用蛋白质组学、RT-PCR 和 Western blot,我们发现与表达突变 MUC1 CT 的细胞相比,表达 MUC1 的细胞中波形蛋白、Slug 和 Snail 的表达显着增加,E-钙黏蛋白受到抑制。在携带突变 MUC1 CT 的细胞中,MUC1 未能与 β-连环蛋白共免疫沉淀并转位到细胞核,从而阻断与 EMT 和转移相关的基因转录。因此,功能性酪氨酸在刺激 MUC1 与 β-连环蛋白之间的相互作用及其核转位以启动 EMT 过程中至关重要。这项研究表明了 MUC1 CT 的致癌作用,并且是第一个确定 MUC1 在启动胰腺癌 EMT 中的直接作用的研究。这些数据可能对未来设计针对胰腺癌细胞的 MUC1 靶向治疗具有重要意义。
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